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BAXBaxter International

Health care · Medical Instruments · NYSE
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The 10-K against last year's

416 changes: 87 added, 110 removed, 206 reworded, 13 quiet changes

10-K Feb 12, 2026 vs Feb 21, 2025
Risk FactorsRedline ↓
37.4%
of the text changed · 15,631 words now
41.5%
of the text changed · 14,377 words now

10-K 0001628280-26-007733 (2026-02-12) vs 10-K 0001628280-25-007201 (2025-02-21) Not compared: Legal Proceedings, Accounting Policies.

The redline

The paragraph that changed most in each section

Marked against last year's 10-K: cut words struck through, new words highlighted and underlined.

Risk Factors 409 words changed in this paragraph; it is 36% similar to last year's version.
Our Technology is vulnerable to breakdown, interruption, cyber and other security attacks, system malfunction, unauthorized access, inadvertent exposure or disclosure of information, theft and other events and requires at times requires the manual application of security upgrades or patches on each machine or device that utilizes the Technology. Third-party systems and solutions that we rely upon are also vulnerable to the same risks and may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could result in system disruption or compromise the information security of our own systems and products. Any such vulnerability could compromise our Technology and could expose Protected Information to unauthorized third parties and/or cause temporary or permanent loss or unavailability of such Protected Information. In addition, our Technology may cause product functionality issues that could result in risk to patient safety, field actions or product recalls. We, like other global companies, have experienced cyber incidents in the past (including ones related to the unauthorized access to or disclosure of data), data and to certain of our third-party service providers), and may experience them in the future. These events have exposed and may continue to expose vulnerabilities in our information technology systems. There systems, and could expose Protected Information to unauthorized third parties and/or cause temporary or loss or unavailability of such information. While we continue to invest in improvements to our IT systems, there is no assurance that our investments in the protection of data and Technology (i) have prevented or will prevent future breakdowns, attacks or breaches in our Technology, or cyber incidents or other incidents or (ii) ensure compliance with all applicable cybersecurity and privacy laws, regulations and standards, including with respect to third-party service providers that host or process Protected Information on our behalf. Any failure to protect against such incidents or non-compliance with applicable security and privacy laws, regulations and standards could lead to substantial and material regulatory fines and penalties, business disruption, reputational harm, financial loss or litigation, as well as other damages. Misappropriation or other loss of our intellectual property from any of the foregoing may have an adverse effect on our competitive position and may cause us to incur substantial litigation costs. See “Risks Relating to Legal and Regulatory Matters.” As our customers and FDA and other global regulators, including data protection authorities or supervisory bodies, become more sensitive to risks related to cybersecurity, our ability to meet certain information technology safety standards or evolving customer demands could affect our products’ marketability and competitiveness. incidents. We could also suffer strained relationships with customers, business partners, physicians and other healthcare professionals, increased costs (for security measures, remediation or otherwise), costs, litigation (including class actions and stockholder derivative actions) or other negative consequences (including a decline in stock price) as a result of breaches, such cyber and other security attacks, industrial espionage, ransomware, phishing scams, malware or other cyber incidents, which could compromise our system infrastructure and/or lead to data leakage, including at our third-party providers or other business partners. incidents. The insurance we have procured related to cybersecurity risks may not cover a particular cyber incident or such coverage may be insufficient.

Source: Item 1A, 10-K 0001628280-26-007733 vs Item 1A, 10-K 0001628280-25-007201

MD&A 204 words changed in this paragraph; it is 32% similar to last year's version.
In the first quarter of 2024, On June 11, 2025, we entered into an amended the credit agreements governing our U.S. dollar-denominated term loan and restated revolving credit facility (the Multicurrency Revolver), which amended and restated in its entirety our existing U.S. Dollar-denominated revolving credit facility and the guaranty agreement with respect to replaced our prior Euro-denominated revolving credit facility to increase facility. Our Multicurrency Revolver has a maximum capacity of $2.20 billion and matures in 2030. Borrowings under the Multicurrency Revolver in U.S. dollars bear interest on the principal amount outstanding at either Term SOFR plus an applicable margin or a “base rate” plus an applicable margin. The Multicurrency Revolver contains various covenants, including a maximum net leverage ratio covenant (which ratio was most recently increased for the six four fiscal quarters ending December 31, 2025, March 31, 2026, June 30, 2024, September 30, 2024, December 31, 2024, March 31, 2025, June 30, 2025, 2026, and September 30, 2025. In accordance with 2026 pursuant to a November 2025 amendment). Borrowings in Euros are subject to a sublimit of $300 million. We may, at our option, seek to increase the terms aggregate commitment under the Multicurrency Revolver by up to $1.10 billion, which would result in a maximum aggregate commitment of up to $3.30 billion. There were no borrowings outstanding under the amendment, the capacity under our U.S dollar-denominated revolving credit facility was reduced from $2.50 billion to $2.00 billion on September 30, 2024. As Multicurrency Revolver as of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with the financial covenants in these agreements. 2025 or 2024.

Source: Item 7, 10-K 0001628280-26-007733 vs Item 7, 10-K 0001628280-25-007201

Every change, by type

Sentences and paragraphs added, removed or reworded

Sentences and paragraphs of BAX's Risk Factors and MD&A, 10-K 2026-02-12 against 10-K 2025-02-21. Each links to the text at sec.gov.

AddedRisk Factors
•We may not achieve the anticipated benefits of our significant transactions, including the sale of our Kidney Care business and our acquisition of Hillrom.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedRisk Factors
•Continued consolidation in the health care industry or additional governmental controls exerted over pricing and access in key markets could lead to increased demands for price concessions or limit or eliminate our ability to sell to certain of our significant market segments.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedRisk Factors
•Management transition creates uncertainties, and we may experience difficulties in managing such transitions, including attracting and retaining key employees.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedRisk Factors
•We are exposed to risks associated with incorporating AI, machine learning and other emerging technologies into our products, services and operations.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedRisk Factors
•We are subject to laws and regulations globally, and our failure to comply with rapidly changing and increasingly divergent expectations of regulators in different jurisdictions could adversely impact the company.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

Show the other 16
AddedRisk Factors
Our businesses have faced, and will continue to face, challenges in connection with strategic actions we have undertaken, including the divestitures of our Kidney Care business and our BPS business, the acquisition of Hill-Rom Holdings, Inc. (Hillrom), and the ongoing implementation of a simplified operating model and manufacturing footprint. These actions have entailed significant changes across our organizational structure and functional areas and have led to select market exits and may lead to additional market exits as we continue to optimize our portfolio. Today, we are a smaller, less diversified company, with more limited and concentrated businesses, which may leave us more vulnerable to changing market conditions and increased volatility in our financial performance. We may also continue to experience diversion of management attention and the loss of experienced leaders with institutional knowledge. Further, we have experienced, and may in the future experience, disputes with buyers of businesses we have divested, or may divest in the future. In addition, we have yet to achieve our net leverage targets. As a result, as discussed further below, our cash resources may be constrained and our ability to pursue growth initiatives may be limited, which could adversely affect our business and growth prospects.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedRisk Factors
We may not achieve the anticipated benefits of our significant transactions, including the sale of our Kidney Care business and our acquisition of Hillrom.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedRisk Factors
We have undertaken several significant transactions, including the sale of our Kidney Care business and our acquisition of Hillrom, and we may fail to achieve the anticipated benefits of these transactions.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedRisk Factors
As part of our strategy to realign our product portfolio, we sold our Kidney Care business in January 2025. While the sale allowed us to repay some of our outstanding indebtedness, as discussed in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7. Management's Discussion of Analysis and Financial Condition and Results of Operations and in Note 5 in Item 8. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and achieve related interest expense savings, the complexity of separating the Kidney Care business resulted in various challenges. In addition, we may be subject to other potential risks in connection with the transaction, including the following: disputes or litigation with Carlyle or Vantive, as applicable, arising from the transaction, the Equity Purchase Agreement (EPA) or the various agreements (including a Transition Services Agreement (TSA) and Manufacturing and Supply Agreement (MSA)) that we entered into with Vantive in connection with the Kidney Care closing and liabilities and obligations otherwise related to the transaction; exposures related to certain pre-closing Kidney Care liabilities we retained; adverse tax consequences or changes in tax laws or regulations that could affect our remaining businesses; regulatory actions or investigations related to the transaction or the businesses involved; and negative reactions from the financial markets, ratings agencies, customers, employees, other personnel or other stakeholders.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedMD&A
Beginning in April 2025, we initiated a voluntary correction for the Novum LVP due to the potential for under-infusion when the pump is in "standby mode" for an extended period of time. Beginning in July 2025, we initiated voluntary corrections for the Novum LVP due to the potential for under-infusion when the pump is directed to deliver a bolus infusion or significantly increase the rate of infusion after it has been running at a lower infusion rate and the potential for over- and under-infusion related to set misloading, as well as certain software anomalies. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classified these voluntary corrections as Class I recalls. We have implemented certain corrections related to the recalls and are developing additional corrections related to these recalls, some of which may require regulatory clearance or approval. In July 2025, we elected to temporarily stop distributing and

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedMD&A
installing the Novum LVP in the U.S. and Canada, except in the case of medical necessity. The timing of the release of the ship and installation hold remains uncertain. As a result, we expect no meaningful sales of Novum LVP while these holds are in effect. Our Spectrum IQ large volume pump remains available as an alternative option for customers with Novum LVPs. We have recorded estimates for sales reductions, for returns or exchanges of Novum LVP, and certain other charges, including estimates of reserves for remediation costs and inventory and contract asset write-downs associated with these Novum LVP corrections of approximately $105 million in the aggregate in 2025. We regularly review these estimates (including those associated with any additional future corrections and customer returns or exchanges) which may be subject to change in the future.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedMD&A
We have experienced challenges to our global supply chain, including, as a result of adverse impacts from significant weather events like Hurricane Helene, as well as adverse impacts as result of other global macroeconomic and geopolitical events, which have had a negative impact on our results of operations and may do so in the future. In addition, announcements regarding changes in U.S. trade policies and practices, including the implementation of global tariffs and proposed further tariffs (including potential medical device and pharmaceutical tariffs), have significantly affected financial markets and economic conditions. While we are in the process of implementing select tariff offsets and working to identify additional mitigation opportunities, our results have been adversely affected by these events and we expect for our results to continue to be negatively affected by tariffs. Additionally, continued global macroeconomic uncertainty, including in trade policies and practices, elevated tariffs and operational and policy changes in the governments of the U.S. and other countries and other geopolitical events or conflicts, could contribute to further market volatility, deteriorating or prolonged weakened economic conditions and decreased hospital capital spending levels, all of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. Sole source supplier relationships may limit our ability to respond to these tariffs with alternative or lower cost raw materials or component parts.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedMD&A
For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Kidney Care MSA sales favorably impacted sales growth by 3%. The previously announced exit of IV solutions in China and foreign currency rates were not meaningful.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedMD&A
fluid conservation practices embedded with clinical practice changes. This decline was partially offset by one-time pricing benefits and price increases in certain products globally. The previously announced exit of IV solutions in China adversely impacted sales growth by 1% for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period. As previously discussed in "Factors Affecting our Results of Operations", we elected to temporarily stop distributing and installing the Novum LVP in the U.S. and Canada, except in the case of medical necessity. The timing of the release of the ship and installation hold remains uncertain. As a result, we expect no meaningful sales of Novum LVP while these holds are in effect. Our Spectrum IQ large volume pump remains available as an alternative option for customers with Novum LVPs.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedMD&A
4Our results in 2025 and 2024 included $32 million and $23 million, respectively, of integration costs which primarily reflected third-party consulting costs related to our ongoing integration of Hill-Rom Holdings Inc. (Hillrom). Our results in 2025 also included the recognition of a noncash impairment of property, plant and equipment related to integration activities.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedMD&A
6Our results in 2025 included $58 million of separation-related costs primarily reflecting costs of external advisors supporting our activities related to the sale of our former Kidney Care segment.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedMD&A
Excluding the impact of special items, the SG&A expense ratio decreased 2.7 percentage points in 2025 compared to 2024. The decrease in 2025 primarily reflects an updated estimate of indirect costs previously recorded in SG&A now capitalized into inventory after the separation of our Kidney Care business.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedMD&A
Other operating expense (income), net was income of $206 million and $12 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively. In 2025, this amount was primarily related to the income recognized under the Kidney Care Transition Services Agreement (Kidney Care TSA) entered into upon the sale of the Kidney Care business in January 2025. In 2024, this amount was comprised of income from transition services arrangements related to the divestiture of our BPS business.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedMD&A
For the year ended December 31, 2025, the difference between our effective income tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory rate was primarily driven by an increase in liabilities for uncertain tax positions (as discussed below), increases to our valuation allowances relate to the realizability of our deferred tax assets, changes in the treatment of accumulated earnings that are considered indefinitely reinvested as of December 31, 2025 and a tax benefit driven by an entity classification election that we made for U.S. tax purposes, which resulted in a capital loss.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedMD&A
We are currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for transfer pricing matters related to transactions with our manufacturing operations in Costa Rica and Puerto Rico for the 2019 and 2020 tax years. While we have not yet received a final Notice of Proposed Adjustment (NOPA) from the IRS, the examination is ongoing, and we are in the process of responding to inquiries from, and engaging in ongoing discussions with, the IRS related to certain intercompany transactions between our U.S. entities and these foreign manufacturers. As a result, we have recorded reserves for uncertain tax positions related to these transfer pricing matters for tax years 2019 through 2025. These reserves in aggregate are recorded to expense for approximately $280 million as of December 31, 2025, exclusive of any potential penalties and interest. While we believe that our transfer pricing positions are well documented and properly supported, and adequate amounts have been reserved to account for any adjustments that may ultimately result from this examination, the ultimate outcome of this matter is uncertain (upon the receipt of a final NOPA or otherwise). Additionally, if the IRS were to assert we owe additional taxes and prevails in this assertion, such outcome could have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

AddedMD&A
During 2025, because of a cumulative history of operating losses in the U.S., we recorded a valuation allowance against our U.S. deferred tax assets, including certain federal and state tax attributes such as foreign tax credits. Although, we expect to remain in a U.S. valuation allowance position for at least the next twelve months, we also anticipate future changes in the amount of the valuation, which could be material, due to operational activity and movement in our routine deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Read it in 10-K 2026-02-12 at sec.gov ↗

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