HWMHowmet Aerospace

Howmet’s effective tax rate was 22.6% 16.5% (provision on pre-tax income) in 2022 2024 compared with the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21%. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily as due to the completion of an R&D study which resulted in a result of a $12 charge $44 net benefit related to prior years of U.S. federal and state R&D credits and related impacts, a $15 net benefit related to current year U.S. federal and state R&D credits and related impacts, a $25 benefit related to a U.S. deduction on Foreign Derived Intangible Income, an increase in the $11 net benefit related to various other credits, a $10 excess benefit for stock compensation, a $6 benefit to release a valuation allowance on related to U.S. state tax losses and credits, and a $4 benefit to release a valuation allowance related to U.S. foreign tax credit carryforward in the U.S., $8 credits, partially offset by $12 of charges related to U.S. tax on GILTI and other foreign earnings, $8 of charges related to nondeductible expenses, and $5 $15 of incremental state tax and foreign taxes on earnings also subject to U.S. federal income tax, partially offset by a $6 benefit for the release $11 of a valuation allowance on interest deduction carryforwards in the U.K., a $5 benefit charges related to a nondeductible expenses, and $8 of net foreign tax accounting method change, a $5 excess benefit for stock compensation, and a $3 benefit cost related to foreign earnings subject to withholding tax and local tax in high tax rate jurisdictions. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) released Pillar Two model rules in 2021 introducing a distribution of foreign earnings. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “Act”) was signed into law on August 16, 2022. The Act includes various tax provisions, including a 1% excise tax on net stock repurchases, expanded tax credits for clean energy incentives, and a corporate alternative 15% global minimum tax that generally applies to U.S. corporations with average adjusted financial statement income over under the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting. The Pillar Two directive, including various safe harbors, has been implemented through domestic legislation in multiple countries where the Company operates effective January 1, 2024 and has not had a three-year period in excess of $1,000. The Company does not expect material impact on the Act to materially impact its financial statements. Company’s effective tax rate.

Geopolitical tensions, conflicts, and wars have impacted, and may in the future impact, global energy markets, leading to high volatility and increasing prices for crude oil, natural gas, and other energy supplies. Energy costs impact operating expenses at our manufacturing facilities, the expense of shipping raw materials to our facilities, and the expense of shipping products to our customers. The costs of certain raw materials (including, but not limited to, nickel, titanium, aluminum, cobalt, and superalloy materials) necessary for the manufacture of Howmet’s products and other manufacturing and operating costs are influenced by market forces, including inflation, supply and demand, and shortages. For example, as the Russia-Ukraine conflict continues, global titanium prices may continue to fluctuate or increase. fluctuate. Our customers’ failure to return titanium revert (reusable scrap) to Howmet can result in an increase of the amount of titanium purchased at inflated costs. Governmental constraints, including export restrictions, sanctions, new or increased import duties or tariffs, and countervailing or anti-dumping duties, also impact the cost of raw materials and other manufacturing and operating costs. The global trade landscape is growing more volatile, including, including as a result of the recent 2025 and early 2026 executive orders in the U.S. for the imposition of new tariffs, the likelihood of further tariffs and retaliatory counter measures by other countries. countries and the likelihood and unpredictability of further tariffs and related countermeasures. We continually monitor the global trade environment and any changes in tariffs, trade agreements, restrictions, or sanctions that may impact the Company or our suppliers or customers, and work to mitigate potential impacts. Inflation worldwide and in the United States has resulted in an increase in the costs of materials and labor. While we generally intend to pass along higher raw material and energy costs to our customers through contractual agreements in the form of price increases, there can be a delay between an increase in our costs and our ability to increase the prices of our products. Additionally, we may not be able to increase the prices of our products due to competitive pricing pressure and other factors. If the Company is unable to pass through or offset significant cost increases through customer price increases, productivity improvements, cost reduction or other programs, Howmet’s business, operating results or financial condition could be materially adversely affected. The timing, extent, application, and level of tariffs by various governments and our ability to recover tariffs are subject to changes and uncertainties and given the unpredictability and frequency of these changes, there can be no assurance we will be able to successfully mitigate the impacts of changes in the global trade environment and if the Company is unable to mitigate these impacts, Howmet’s business, operating results or financial condition could be materially adversely affected.