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Commodity Products and SubstitutionCRH manufactures and supplies a large number of commodity products into highly competitive markets. Failure by CRH to maintain pricing in an inflationary environment and to differentiate its products from its competitors could adversely impact our financial performance.

In addition, CRH may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in the price of fuel and principal energy-related raw materials, which accounted for approximately 10% of Total revenues in 2025, consistent with 10% in 2024, with no guarantee that the Company will continue to be able to absorb these inflationary pressures.

South America countries have historically experienced periods of economic growth, as well as recession, periods of high inflation and general socio-economic and political instability.

The provisions of the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the Act), which became applicable to us on January 1, 2023, include, among other provisions, a new Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax (CAMT) of 15% on the adjusted

Operating profit in the APAC segment increased $15 million, or 1%, in 2025 versus 2024. The increase was primarily driven by productivity initiatives and acquisitions, partially offset by cost inflation, lower volumes, and currency translation.

Operating profit in the Americas segment increased $197 million, or 4%, in 2025 versus 2024 driven primarily by higher pricing and continued productivity initiatives, which more than offset cost inflation. 2024 included a settlement gain with a supplier.

… In past years, we implemented targeted price increases in our Materials Group reportable segment to address raw material inflation; more recently, we implemented deflation-related price reductions as a result of lower raw material costs. If we experience inflationary headwinds …

… currency refers to the increase or decrease in net sales, excluding the estimated impact of foreign currency translation, and, where applicable, currency adjustments for transitional reporting of highly inflationary economies, and the reclassification of sales between segments. Additionally, where applicable …

• Increases in input costs, including raw materials, transportation, and energy, have been exacerbated by recent inflationary pressures.

customers to seek alternative suppliers or reformulate products, resulting in long-term sales declines or loss of market share. Additionally, inflationary or deflationary trends may affect the financial health of customers and suppliers, further impacting demand and supply. These factors are beyond our control and may materially affect our business and financial condition.

activity, consumer behavior, and supply shortages and disruptions. During 2025, inflationary pressures stabilized

been characterized not only by persistent inflationary pressures, elevated interest rates, challenging labor market

Notably, demand in the residential construction market in which we sell our aggregates products is affected by interest rates. While the Federal Reserve lowered interest rates several times during 2025, they remain above the current rate of inflation

… Asphalt and paving gross profit decreased in 2024 versus 2023, due to lower shipments and general inflationary impacts that more than offset pricing gains and lower asphalt cement raw material costs.

… Although inflationary pressures can create short-term to medium-term headwinds, the combination of inflation and visibility of demand may create a favorable environment for price increases. Additionally, labor constraints can cause delays and inefficiencies in our operations as well …

… Economic pressures on our customers, including the challenges of inflation and the impact of tariffs and other trade measures, may negatively impact our shipment volumes. We will continue to evaluate the evolving macroeconomic environment to take action to mitigate the …

The projected benefit obligations (PBOs) for our defined benefit pension plans are affected by plan design, actuarial estimates and discount rates. Key assumptions that affect our PBO are discount rates and, in addition for our United Kingdom plans, inflation rates, including an adjusted U.K. retail price index (RPI).

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 expanded production tax credits for carbon sequestration and introduced clean hydrogen production tax credits. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act, enacted in July 2025, further modified carbon sequestration tax credits and limited the duration of the clean hydrogen production tax credits. Further changes to the underlying legislation or the final guidance issued may impact our ability to receive anticipated tax credits for our low-carbon ammonia projects.

… The Company’s global business operations also give rise to market risk exposure related to changes in inflation, foreign currency exchange rates, including the impact of foreign currency exchange rates resulting from highly inflationary economies such as Argentina, interest rates …

The Company's global business operations give rise to market risk exposure related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and international capital flows that may be affected by extensive regulations and controls, especially in developing or highly inflationary countries …

• political and economic instability, inflation and adverse economic conditions resulting from governmental attempts to reduce inflation, such as imposition of higher interest rates and wage and price controls;

… The assumed costs are inflated based on an estimated inflation factor and discounted based on a credit-adjusted risk-free rate. For active facilities, fluctuations in the estimated costs (including those resulting from a change in environmental regulations), inflation rates …

… We are subject to both contractual, inflationary, and other general cost increases. General economic conditions have resulted in higher inflation in recent years, which has led to higher costs across our business. If we are unable to offset these cost …

We are subject to both contractual, inflation, and other general cost increases. If we are unable to offset these cost increases by price increases, growth, and/or cost reductions in our operations, these inflation and other general cost increases could …

things, regional conflicts or commodity inflation), as well as disruptions and government intervention in national economies

demand growth can be disrupted by other macroeconomic trends, including inflation, pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic

Argentina, Turkey and Egypt are classified as highly inflationary economies in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and the U.S. dollar is the functional currency for our subsidiaries in Argentina, Turkey and Egypt. During 2025, sales in Argentina, Turkey and Egypt represented approximately 1% of our consolidated sales. Assets held in Argentina, Turkey and Egypt at the end of 2025 represented approximately 1% of our consolidated assets.

Projected salary is based on our long-term actual experience, the near-term outlook and assumed inflation. Our weighted-average projected salary increase used in determining the U.S. pension expenses was 3.60% for 2025, 3.60% for 2024, and 4.03% for 2023.

… We also have exposure to inflation, in particular the rising costs of raw materials, as well as other direct cost inputs. We mitigate our exposure to the changes in the costs of aluminum through the inclusion of provisions in contracts …

The company has defined benefit plans which require management to make assumptions relating to the long-term rate of return on plan assets, discount rates used to determine the present value of future obligations and expenses, salary inflation rates, mortality …

… Future economic downturns, prolonged slow growth or stagnation in the economy, a sector-specific slowdown in one of our key end-use markets, such as nonresidential construction, or changes in inflation could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations …

… unfavorable political or economic factors; local labor and social issues; changes in regulatory requirements; fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and inflation; and complex foreign laws, treaties including tax laws, and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 …

Additionally, our inability to pass on all or a substantial part of any cost increases, whether due to positive environmental attributes, inflation, supply and demand imbalances, or otherwise, or to provide for our customers’ needs because of the potential unavailability of raw materials, supplies or required environmental attributes, may result in production slowdowns or curtailments or may otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

… Therefore, these industries may experience their own fluctuations in demand for our products based on such things as economic conditions, interest rates, supply chain disruptions, raw material and energy costs, consumer demand, the rate of inflation and infrastructure funding decisions …

Cost increases for raw materials, energy, or broad-based price inflation also increase working capital needs, which could reduce our liquidity and cash flow. Even if we are able to increase our sales prices to reflect these increases, demand for …