Artificial intelligence

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AI technology may also give rise to significant legal and regulatory compliance risk. Evolving rules, regulations and industry standards governing AI may require us to incur greater compliance costs and restrict the use of AI in our products or

Read in the 10-K filed Nov 25, 2025 ↗

Competition is expected to remain intense, driven by rapid technological change, evolving standards, shifting customer preferences, product obsolescence, and frequent product launches from both established and new competitors. Some of our competitors may possess stronger market positions, larger customer bases, more design wins, and greater financial, sales, marketing, and distribution resources than us. As a result, they may be able to acquire market share or limit our ability to do so, more effectively capitalize on new market opportunities, and transition their products more efficiently than we can. Some competitors are pursuing alternative computing architectures, such as Arm, which could grow the Arm ecosystem and increase competition in consumer, commercial and data center, reducing demand for our products. Additionally, we may encounter competition from customers who internally develop products to support similar AI workloads to those supported by ours.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 4, 2026 ↗

In January 2025, BIS issued a final rule, commonly referred to as the “AI Diffusion Rule,” that would have imposed new restrictions on the export, reexport and in-country transfer of certain advanced semiconductor devices and technology. In May 2025, BIS announced its intention to rescind the AI Diffusion Rule, publish a regulation formalizing the rescission, and issue replacement rules in the future. The replacement rules may limit our ability to engage in certain business transactions, require new export licenses, delay shipments, or necessitate changes in our compliance processes and product designs to ensure regulatory compliance. Additionally, BIS’s announced plans introduce uncertainty as we evaluate whether specific products, technologies, or software fall within the scope of any new restrictions, and whether BIS will grant licenses in a timely matter or at all. Compliance with the planned or existing rules could result in increased costs, disruption of key customer and supplier relationships, loss of competitive positioning in international markets or reputational harm.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 4, 2026 ↗

The implementation or increase of any tariffs, trade protection measures or restrictions, or retaliatory actions from foreign governments could result in lost sales and adversely impact our reputation and business. The U.S. government has instituted or proposed changes in trade policies that include higher tariffs on imports into the U.S. and other government regulations affecting trade between the United States and other countries where we conduct our business. Such changes to U.S. trade policy have the potential to adversely impact the U.S. economy or sectors thereof and could significantly impact our business, in particular the import of products used in our business that are manufactured outside the U.S. Any retaliatory actions by affected countries and foreign governments could result in tariffs, trade protection measures or other restrictions imposed on our current and future products. Our customers’ costs of doing business may increase or their sales may be negatively affected. As such, customer demand for our products may decline, which could adversely impact our ability to generate revenue and result in inventory impairment changes. For instance, tariffs on hardware required for data centers could raise costs for our customers, potentially causing them to delay or cancel AI infrastructure investments. Further, to the extent that the United States, China or other countries seek to promote products that are produced domestically or reduce their dependence on products from another country, they may implement regulations or policies that may negatively affect our business.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 4, 2026 ↗

We have equity interests in two joint ventures (collectively, the THATIC JV) with Higon Information Technology Co., Ltd. (THATIC), a third-party Chinese entity. In June 2019, BIS added certain Chinese entities to the Entity List, including THATIC and the THATIC JV. Since that time, the United States administration has called for changes to domestic and foreign policy, including policies with respect to China and Russia. Specifically, United States-China trade relations remain uncertain as the United States continues to add more Chinese companies to the Entity List and introduce new regulations on advanced computing, semiconductor manufacturing, and AI, while China has imposed retaliatory tariffs. Moreover, as the U.S. government continues adding companies to the Entity List, our supply chain may be negatively impacted as we may be required to suspend purchasing from such suppliers or selling to such customers or otherwise unable to fulfill our contractual obligations to them. For example, in September 2025, BIS issued a new rule designating any entity that is at least 50% owned by one or more entities on the Entity List will be subject to Entity List restrictions and this rule similarly applies to entities at least 50% owned by listed “military end users” and certain sanctioned parties. In October 2025, the U.S. government announced that it planned to suspend enforcement of this new rule for one year. However, the restrictions can be reimposed at any time. These restrictive governmental actions and any similar measures that may be imposed on U.S. companies by other governments, especially in light of ongoing trade tensions with U.S. trading partners, will likely limit or prevent us from doing business with certain of our customers or suppliers and harm our ability to compete effectively or otherwise negatively affect our ability to sell our products. If we were ever found to have violated these laws or similar applicable non-U.S. laws, even if the violation occurred without our knowledge, we may be subject to penalties, which could adversely affect our reputation, business, operating results and financial condition.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 4, 2026 ↗

•We operate in a highly cyclical semiconductor industry that is undergoing profound change due to AI.

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 18, 2025 ↗

We operate in a highly cyclical semiconductor industry that is undergoing profound change due to AI.

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 18, 2025 ↗

The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical and is subject to rapid price erosion, wide fluctuations in product supply and demand, constant and rapid technological change, evolving technical standards and evolving product applications. The semiconductor industry is undergoing profound change due to the adoption and proliferation of AI and has experienced a significant upturn, which may not be sustainable. The growth of AI is creating pressure on the semiconductor industry to timely design, manufacture and deliver semiconductor products and solutions to meet customer demand for computing power and AI infrastructure. Some of these AI customers may have constrained resources or capital and may be unable to pay for their required AI infrastructure and/or seek alternative financings or novel or deferred payment models from their vendors and suppliers. If our AI customers substantially reduce their expansion plans, cancel, reduce or delay their orders, are unable to generate the profit required to offset their spending or are otherwise unable to meet their obligations and we cannot offset the downturn in their business, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and stock price.

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 18, 2025 ↗

The timing of design wins is unpredictable and implementing production for a major design win or multiple design wins at the same time, such as our design wins for our custom AI accelerators or XPUs, network switches and other AI-related products, may strain our resources and those of our CMs. Some of our customers who have selected us may also have constrained resources or capital but require immediate availability of our custom XPUs. In such event, we may dedicate significant additional resources or execute on new business strategies or models such as the sale or leasing of AI racks or systems based on our XPUs to our customers with alternative financings or novel or deferred payment models, which could result in additional costs, expenses, credit or customer default risks, reduced gross margin and cash flows.

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 18, 2025 ↗

•the development and availability of AI data centers that could impact our ability to ship our products;

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 18, 2025 ↗

•the timing and extent of delivery of and payment for our semiconductor and semiconductor-based solutions, including AI racks or systems based on our XPUs;

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 18, 2025 ↗

•ability to introduce new products on a timely basis, including in response to market changes driven by AI and other factors, or by changing our product design and manufacturing to more advanced technology nodes;

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

•impact of evolving risks related to artificial intelligence, cybersecurity and data privacy across our products, operations, regulatory compliance, intellectual property, talent, and transactions;

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

•understanding and predicting changes in the market segments that we serve, including changes driven by AI;

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

We face significant and evolving risks related to AI across our products, operations, cybersecurity, regulatory compliance, intellectual property, confidential information, privacy, workforce, customer transactions, and customer demand, any of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation.

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

Market dynamics and our product strategy are increasingly influenced by AI. Our ability to design, develop and timely introduce competitive products and processes - including those implementing new technologies such as AI, or complying with new governmental restrictions regarding implementation of new technologies - may be affected by how quickly we and our customers adapt to market changes driven by AI, and by the rate at which the markets we serve redesign and change their own products in response to AI and other market forces. Failure to respond timely could impair our competitive position, reduce design wins and sales, and negatively affect our margins.

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

Demand for AI-related products is subject to concentration and investment-cycle risk, and any slowdown or shift in AI spending could reduce demand for our products, pressure margins, and adversely affect our operating results.

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

AI also amplifies cybersecurity threats. As AI and machine learning evolve, they may lead to the development of dramatically more effective security tools, and cyber‑attackers may leverage these tools to enhance attack methods, identify novel security vulnerabilities, develop malicious code, sophisticated phishing attempts, and convincing deep fakes that manipulate our content or the voices or images of our leaders. Threats may also be introduced by our employees', our customers’, or our partners’ use of AI tools, including where AI‑generated source code incorporated into products or systems introduces malicious code or security vulnerabilities. We may be unaware of an incident, its magnitude or its effects until significant harm is done.

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

Our products and intellectual property may face heightened security, safety and reliability risks when used in AI‑enabled applications, including in the cloud, IoT, automotive and other emerging use cases. Security vulnerabilities in our products, industry‑standard specifications, or licensed intellectual property may be exploited, and we or our customers may not promptly detect or fully assess the impact of such vulnerabilities. These risks could result in reduced demand, adverse publicity, remediation costs, customer claims, litigation or regulatory scrutiny.

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

AI‑related laws, regulations and national and regional governmental policies are rapidly evolving and inconsistent across jurisdictions. New and existing frameworks in the United States, the European Union and China - including the EU AI Act’s risk‑based approach - may impose additional compliance, transparency, conformity assessment, monitoring or usage‑restriction obligations on AI‑enabled products. Conflicting regulatory requirements across jurisdictions increase compliance complexity and costs, and failure or perceived failure to comply could result in fines, penalties, investigations, restrictions on product offerings, reputational harm, or lost sales or talent.

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

We also face AI‑related risks in acquisitions and strategic relationships, including regulatory violations or cybersecurity risks arising from an acquired company’s or partner’s use of AI. In addition, competition for talent with AI expertise has intensified, and our ability to attract, retain and train personnel with appropriate AI skills and literacy is critical to our innovation and product roadmap.

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

Uncertainty in intellectual property law relating to works created using AI technology may result in changing or inconsistent IP protections, which could adversely affect our ability to protect or commercialize innovations developed with AI. Collectively, these AI‑related risks could lead to operational disruption, increased costs, reputational harm, loss of market share, reduced revenue and margins, and adverse impacts on our financial condition and stock price.

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning (“ML”) technologies, including generative AI, could fundamentally alter the semiconductor industry and disrupt our business model and operations. AI-driven tools and platforms are increasingly being deployed across the integrated circuit (“IC”) development lifecycle, including in chip architecture design, electronic design automation (“EDA”), layout optimization, verification, testing, and process node development. If AI-enabled efficiencies substantially reduce the complexity, cost, or time required to design, develop, and manufacture semiconductor products, our competitive position could be materially and adversely affected.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 11, 2026 ↗

AI-driven design tools may lower traditional barriers to entry in the semiconductor industry by enabling new market participants, including technology companies that have not historically engaged in chip design, to develop high-performance, custom semiconductor solutions in-house with reduced reliance on third-party chip suppliers. This trend toward internal chip development, sometimes referred to as "insourcing" or "vertical integration," could reduce demand for our products and erode our market share. In particular, large cloud computing providers, automotive original equipment manufacturers, and other technology-focused enterprises have already begun investing in proprietary chip design capabilities, and advancements in AI may accelerate this trend.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 11, 2026 ↗

AI and ML technologies may enable our existing competitors to achieve design and manufacturing efficiencies that we are unable to match, thereby diminishing or eliminating our current technological or cost advantages. Competitors that more effectively integrate AI into their IC development workflows may be able to bring products to market faster, at lower cost, or with superior performance characteristics compared to our offerings. If we fail to adopt and integrate AI technologies into our own design and development processes at a pace consistent with or faster than our competitors, our products could become less competitive, which would have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 11, 2026 ↗

AI-generated efficiencies may compress product development cycles across the industry, which could shorten the useful commercial life of our existing products and reduce the return on our research and development investments. As AI tools enable more rapid iteration and optimization of chip designs, customers may expect faster product refresh cycles, placing additional pressure on our research and development resources and potentially leading to accelerated inventory obsolescence.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 11, 2026 ↗

Our investment in AI-related capabilities may not yield the anticipated benefits. Developing, acquiring, or integrating AI-driven tools and talent into our operations will require significant capital expenditures and operational resources, and there is no assurance that these investments will generate a return sufficient to justify their cost. Additionally, the deployment of AI technologies in our design and manufacturing processes may introduce new and unforeseen risks, including design errors, security vulnerabilities, intellectual property concerns, and regulatory compliance challenges that could increase our costs, expose us to liability, or delay product launches. See also, “Costs related to defective products could have a material adverse effect on us” and “Cybersecurity risks could adversely affect our business and disrupt our operations” for additional information.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 11, 2026 ↗

AI technologies may disrupt the broader semiconductor supply chain and ecosystem in ways that are difficult to predict. For example, AI-driven advances in chiplet-based architectures, advanced packaging, or novel materials science could render certain of our existing product lines, manufacturing processes, or intellectual property less valuable or obsolete. Furthermore, the increasing use of AI in semiconductor design raises complex and evolving questions around intellectual property ownership, patentability, and trade secret protection, and the legal frameworks governing these issues remain uncertain and may develop in ways that are unfavorable to our business. See also, “We may be unable to protect our intellectual property, which would negatively affect our ability to compete” for additional information.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 11, 2026 ↗

We cannot predict the pace or trajectory of AI development or the extent to which AI-driven disruption will affect the semiconductor industry. If we are unable to anticipate and adapt to these changes in a timely and effective manner, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and competitive position could be materially and adversely affected.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 11, 2026 ↗

Additionally, AI algorithms or training methodologies may be flawed, and datasets may contain irrelevant, insufficient, or biased information, which can cause errors in outputs. Failures to develop, deploy, or use AI technologies in a safe, responsible, and effective manner, whether by us, our customers, suppliers, partners, or third-party AI providers, could result in product quality issues, operational disruptions, legal liability, regulatory scrutiny, or reputational harm. We manage AI-related risks through our existing cybersecurity, privacy, legal, compliance, information governance, and enterprise risk management processes. However, these processes may not identify or mitigate all risks associated with evolving AI technologies, regulations, and industry practices.

Read in the 10-K filed Oct 9, 2026 ↗

The availability of data centers, energy, and capital to support the buildout of NVIDIA AI infrastructure by our customers and partners is crucial, and any shortage of these and other necessary resources could impact our future revenue and financial performance. Expanding energy capacity to meet demand is a complex, multi-year process involving significant regulatory, technical, and construction challenges. In addition, access to capital can be particularly constrained for less-capitalized companies, which may face difficulties securing financing for large-scale infrastructure projects. These limitations could delay customer and partner deployments or reduce the scale of accelerated computing and AI adoption.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

Individuals, groups of hackers and sophisticated organizations, including nation-states and nation-state-supported actors, and other threat actors have engaged and are expected to continue to engage in cyber-attacks. Additionally, some actors are using AI technology to launch more automated, targeted and coordinated attacks. Due to geopolitical conflicts

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

In January 2025, the USG published the AI Diffusion IFR in the Federal Register. The IFR would have imposed a worldwide licensing requirement on our data center products, such as our H200, GB200 and GB300. The AI Diffusion IFR would have divided the world into three tiers, relegating most countries to “Tier 2” status, and would have created a complex and burdensome scheme for licensing approvals.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

In May 2025, the USG announced that it would rescind the AI Diffusion IFR and implement a replacement rule. The scope, timing, and requirements of the forthcoming rule remain uncertain. The replacement rule may impose new restrictions on our products or operations and/or add license requirements that could have a material impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition. For example, in October 2025, the Senate passed the “GAIN AI Act” in the NDAA. The GAIN AI Act would restrict the Trump Administration’s ability to adapt the Biden Administration’s export control rules, and could also allow private U.S. persons to review and overturn licensing and foreign policy decisions made by the Trump Administration.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

Given the increasing strategic importance of AI and rising geopolitical tensions, the USG has changed and may again change the export control rules at any time and further subject a wider range of our products to export restrictions and licensing requirements, negatively impacting our business and financial results. In the event of such change, we may be unable to sell our inventory of such products and may be unable to develop replacement products not subject to the licensing requirements.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

that we seek legal or judicial enforcement of our intellectual property rights under the laws of such countries. Any inability on our part to adequately protect our intellectual property may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Finally, the intellectual property ownership and license rights, including copyrights and patents, surrounding AI technologies, which we are and may in the future continue to build into our products, have not been fully addressed by U.S. or foreign courts, laws or regulations, and the use of AI in the development of our products and services could result in our loss of, or failure to obtain, intellectual property rights, as well as subject us to risks related to intellectual property infringement or misappropriation.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 19, 2026 ↗

We are increasingly incorporating AI tools and capabilities into our business operations where we believe appropriate, which may subject us to significant competitive, legal, regulatory and other risks. There can be no assurance that our use of AI tools will enhance our business operations or result in a benefit to us. Our competitors may be more successful in their use of AI tools, including by developing superior products or improving their operations with the assistance of AI. Additionally, there could be adverse impacts from inaccurate or flawed algorithms. Our use of AI tools could also result in the loss of confidential information or intellectual property or an inability to claim or enforce intellectual property rights, as well as subject us to risks related to intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, data privacy, cybersecurity, and the unauthorized use of Company data. The jurisdictions in which we conduct business have and may adopt laws and regulations related to AI, which could cause us to incur greater compliance costs, limit our use of AI tools, or subject us to legal liabilities.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 9, 2026 ↗

During fiscal 2026 [and subsequent to the end of fiscal 2026], in reaction to market demand factors impacting capacity at a number of our vendors, including increased demand that foundries have faced associated with data center and AI-related buildouts, we entered into or continued to perform under long-term capacity reservation and supply agreements with certain third-party foundries and OSATs, under which we agreed to certain minimum purchase commitments and/or upfront cash payments. We currently expect that market forces will require us to enter into additional long-term capacity reservation and supply agreements. These long-term capacity reservation agreements may have an adverse effect on our operating results in the event our future supply needs are reduced below the minimum purchase requirements as a result of a reduction in demand for our products. In addition, we may not be able to enter into new long-term capacity reservation and supply agreements. If we are unable to secure such supply agreements or even with such supply agreements, we are still subject to risks that a supplier will prioritize other customers’ capacity demands or be unable to meet its supply commitments, achieve anticipated manufacturing yields, produce wafers or other components on a timely basis, or provide additional capacity beyond its commitments sufficient to meet our supply needs. If so, we may experience delays in product launches or supply shortages for certain products, which could cause an unanticipated decline in our sales and damage our existing customer relationships and our ability to establish new customer relationships. In addition, if a supplier experiences financial difficulties or goes into bankruptcy, it could be difficult or impossible, or may require substantial time and expense, for us to recover any or all of our payments and deposits made as part of any supply agreement.

Read in the 10-K filed Nov 10, 2026 ↗