Interest rates and inflation
132 of 521 companies added a paragraph in Risk Factors that uses one of these words:
interest rate, interest rates, inflation, inflationary.
The paragraph is in the latest 10-K and nothing like it was in the one before.
It counts text; it does not say how serious a risk is. Words in capitals only (such as AI) must be in capitals.
By sector
Sector is the SEC's industry description of the company. Each count opens that sector's quotes below.
| Sector | Companies | Compared |
|---|---|---|
| Optical Instruments & Lenses | 2 | 2 |
| Apparel & Other Finishd Prods of Fabrics & Similar Matl | 1 | 1 |
| Bottled & Canned Soft Drinks & Carbonated Waters | 1 | 1 |
| Canned, Frozen & Preservd Fruit, Veg & Food Specialties | 1 | 1 |
| Farm Machinery & Equipment | 1 | 1 |
| Gas & Other Services Combined | 1 | 1 |
| Gold and Silver Ores | 1 | 1 |
| Grain Mill Products | 1 | 1 |
| Heavy Construction Other Than Bldg Const - Contractors | 1 | 1 |
| Metal Mining | 1 | 1 |
| Misc Industrial & Commercial Machinery & Equipment | 1 | 1 |
| Miscellaneous Food Preparations & Kindred Products | 1 | 1 |
| Oil Royalty Traders | 1 | 1 |
| Paper Mills | 1 | 1 |
| Real Estate Operators (No Developers) & Lessors | 1 | 1 |
| Retail-Computer & Computer Software Stores | 1 | 1 |
| Retail-Eating & Drinking Places | 1 | 1 |
| Retail-Retail Stores, NEC | 1 | 1 |
| Rolling Drawing & Extruding of Nonferrous Metals | 1 | 1 |
| Services-Detective, Guard & Armored Car Services | 1 | 1 |
| Services-Engineering, Accounting, Research, Management | 1 | 1 |
| Services-Management Services | 1 | 1 |
| Services-Misc Health & Allied Services, NEC | 1 | 1 |
| Special Industry Machinery, NEC | 1 | 1 |
| Water Supply | 1 | 1 |
| Wholesale-Motor Vehicle Supplies & New Parts | 1 | 1 |
| Retail-Eating Places | 3 | 4 |
| Natural Gas Transmission | 2 | 3 |
| Wholesale-Drugs, Proprietaries & Druggists' Sundries | 2 | 3 |
| Finance Services | 18 | 28 |
| Accident & Health Insurance | 1 | 2 |
| Aircraft Engines & Engine Parts | 1 | 2 |
| Computer Peripheral Equipment, NEC | 1 | 2 |
| Converted Paper & Paperboard Prods (No Contaners/Boxes) | 1 | 2 |
| Cutlery, Handtools & General Hardware | 1 | 2 |
| Fats & Oils | 1 | 2 |
| Industrial Inorganic Chemicals | 1 | 2 |
| Industrial Organic Chemicals | 1 | 2 |
| Men's & Boys' Furnishgs, Work Clothg, & Allied Garments | 1 | 2 |
| Mining & Quarrying of Nonmetallic Minerals (No Fuels) | 1 | 2 |
| Paperboard Containers & Boxes | 1 | 2 |
| Printed Circuit Boards | 1 | 2 |
| Radio & Tv Broadcasting & Communications Equipment | 1 | 2 |
| Retail-Auto & Home Supply Stores | 1 | 2 |
| Rubber & Plastics Footwear | 1 | 2 |
| Services-General Medical & Surgical Hospitals, NEC | 1 | 2 |
| Ship & Boat Building & Repairing | 1 | 2 |
| National Commercial Banks | 5 | 11 |
| Investment Advice | 3 | 8 |
| Pharmaceutical Preparations | 4 | 11 |
| Electric Services | 5 | 15 |
| Fire, Marine & Casualty Insurance | 4 | 12 |
| Air-Cond & Warm Air Heatg Equip & Comm & Indl Refrig Equip | 1 | 3 |
| Computer & office Equipment | 1 | 3 |
| General Industrial Machinery & Equipment | 1 | 3 |
| Life Insurance | 1 | 3 |
| Operative Builders | 1 | 3 |
| Retail-Auto Dealers & Gasoline Stations | 1 | 3 |
| Services-Commercial Physical & Biological Research | 1 | 3 |
| Services-Consumer Credit Reporting, Collection Agencies | 1 | 3 |
| Soap, Detergents, Cleang Preparations, Perfumes, Cosmetics | 1 | 3 |
| Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas | 2 | 7 |
| Security Brokers, Dealers & Flotation Companies | 2 | 7 |
| Real Estate Investment Trusts | 7 | 27 |
| Electronic & Other Electrical Equipment (No Computer Equip) | 1 | 4 |
| Motor Vehicles & Passenger Car Bodies | 1 | 4 |
| Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical Sys | 1 | 4 |
| Security & Commodity Brokers, Dealers, Exchanges & Services | 1 | 4 |
| Services-Prepackaged Software | 4 | 19 |
| Beverages | 1 | 5 |
| Biological Products, (No Diagnostic Substances) | 1 | 5 |
| Computer Storage Devices | 1 | 5 |
| Industrial Instruments For Measurement, Display, and Control | 1 | 5 |
| Laboratory Analytical Instruments | 1 | 5 |
| Retail-Variety Stores | 1 | 5 |
| Services-Computer Programming, Data Processing, Etc. | 1 | 5 |
| Electric & Other Services Combined | 2 | 12 |
| State Commercial Banks | 1 | 6 |
| Semiconductors & Related Devices | 2 | 15 |
| Services-Business Services, NEC | 2 | 16 |
280 paragraphs · National Commercial Banks show all sectors
• government fiscal or monetary actions (see the changes to interest rates risk factor below)
Read in the 10-K filed Feb 20, 2026 ↗
For example, substantial new import tariffs and a significant increase in the U.S. effective tariff rate occurred in 2025. There can be no assurance that there will not be additional significant changes in tariff or trade policies. Potential impacts in the U.S. and globally related to trade or tariff policies could include heightened market volatility, increased economic uncertainty, adverse impacts to inflation and global economic activity, disruptions in global supply chains and trade flows, impacts on corporate profitability and credit losses, and other adverse impacts.
Read in the 10-K filed Feb 20, 2026 ↗
Central banks’ decisions on key interest rates directly affect borrowing and investment costs, loan and investment returns, and the valuation of financial assets. U.S. and global interest rate levels can significantly affect Citi’s results of operations.
Read in the 10-K filed Feb 20, 2026 ↗
Interest rates on loans Citi makes are typically based off or set at a spread over a benchmark interest rate and would likely decline or rise as benchmark rates decline or rise, respectively. While interest Citi earns on its assets and pays on its liabilities generally tends to move in the same direction as changes in benchmark rates, one can decline or rise faster than the other, thereby decreasing or increasing Citi’s net interest income.
Read in the 10-K filed Feb 20, 2026 ↗
Higher interest rates can negatively impact the economy, resulting in higher unemployment and lower growth. Increases in interest rates can also adversely impact the fair value of available-for-sale (AFS) and held-to-maturity (HTM) debt securities held by Citi, and thereby Citi’s capital levels and regulatory liquidity position. Interest rate movements, as well as pricing and product competition, can also impact depositor behavior and thereby affect net interest income.
Read in the 10-K filed Feb 20, 2026 ↗
• potential changes to U.S. laws or regulations with respect to credit cards, including a possible cap on interest rates
Read in the 10-K filed Feb 20, 2026 ↗
At December 31, 2025, 60% of our loan portfolio was comprised of loans in our commercial loan portfolio, which includes commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate loans, and lease financing. While commercial loans are generally more interest rate sensitive and carry higher yields than residential mortgage loans, these types of loans generally expose a lender to greater risk of non-payment and loss than single-family residential mortgage loans because repayment of the loans often depend on the income stream of the borrowers or successful operation of the property. Such loans typically involve larger loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers compared to single-family residential mortgage loans. At December 31, 2025, we had $1.7 billion of reserves specifically allocated to loans in our commercial loan portfolio. We also monitor loan concentrations on an individual relationship and industry wide basis to evaluate the amount of risk we have in our loan portfolio.
Read in the 10-K filed Feb 13, 2026 ↗
All of these outcomes could adversely affect JPMorganChase’s earnings or its liquidity and capital levels, with more severe impacts in a prolonged period of high interest rates.
Read in the 10-K filed Feb 13, 2026 ↗
An inability to grow cash flow or pressure on expenses created by supply chain, insurance, or interest rate increases would result in an increase in the level of payment defaults within the sector, as well as limiting refinance options. Further, these pressures would likely result in an outflow of capital from the real estate markets, which would in turn drive up capitalization rates and decrease property values.We are subject to the risk of defaults by our loan clients and counterparties.
Read in the 10-K filed Feb 23, 2026 ↗
We rely on customer deposits as a low-cost and stable source of funding. KeyBank competes with banks and other financial institutions, and increasingly with non-banks that offer non-deposit and other alternative savings vehicles, such as stablecoins, for deposits. If demand for deposit alternatives were to grow materially, KeyBank could experience deposit outflows or be compelled to materially increase deposit interest rates to retain its deposits. Customers may also shift their deposits from non-interest bearing to interest bearing accounts or otherwise to higher cost products at KeyBank. Our ability to maintain and grow deposits may be constrained by gaps in our product offerings, emerging technologies and changes in consumer behaviors and preferences, our scale relative to other banks and financial institutions, underlying macroeconomic conditions and monetary policy, and loss of confidence in our brand and our business. To the extent that KeyBank is unable to retain deposits, funding costs may increase as such deposits are replaced with more expensive wholesale funding. Any adverse movement in deposits and associated higher funding costs could reduce our net interest margin and net interest income and otherwise materially and adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations.
Read in the 10-K filed Feb 23, 2026 ↗
These dynamics can lead to higher and more volatile commodity and energy prices, strained global supply chains, increased inflationary pressures and weaker economic growth both globally and in the United States. Financial markets may experience abrupt swings in asset valuations, higher risk premiums and periods of reduced liquidity. Geopolitical events can also spur elevated cyber threats, including state-sponsored and opportunistic cyber-attacks aimed at critical infrastructures and financial systems. Such attacks could disrupt our operations, compromise sensitive data, increase compliance and remediation costs and harm customer relationships.
Read in the 10-K filed Feb 24, 2026 ↗