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The rapid advancement and widespread dissemination of artificial intelligence technologies significantly increases the risks associated with cyberattacks. For example, artificial intelligence technologies are being used to produce highly targeted phishing campaigns, automate the discovery or exploitation of vulnerabilities, generate deepfake content designed to bypass authentication protocols, and identify and exploit vulnerabilities at a highly accelerated pace. As increasingly sophisticated and capable artificial intelligence models continue to become available, these risks are intensifying. Sophisticated and widespread cyberattacks could pose substantial systemic risks, such as cascading failures across interconnected systems, and potential disruptions to critical infrastructure and market stability. In addition, artificial intelligence technologies can themselves be susceptible to security threats, and the development and deployment of artificial intelligence by the Company and its suppliers may expose the Company to additional vulnerabilities and attacks.
Read in the filing ↗ Also in 10-K of Nov 3, 2026
The divergent and rapidly evolving nature of legal and regulatory frameworks around artificial intelligence and super intelligence and increased scrutiny from lawmakers and regulators create significant uncertainty. The Company may not always be able to anticipate how courts and regulators will apply existing laws and regulations to artificial intelligence, predict how new legal and regulatory frameworks will develop to address artificial intelligence, or otherwise respond to these frameworks as they are still rapidly evolving. The Company may also have to incur significant expenditures to adapt to new legal frameworks and adjust its offerings in certain jurisdictions if the legal frameworks on artificial intelligence are not consistent across jurisdictions. The Company also cannot predict how various laws and regulations related to online services, intermediary liability, and other issues will apply to content generated by artificial intelligence. In addition, the Company is subject to the risks posed by ethical concerns and negative consumer perceptions related to automation, artificial intelligence and super intelligence, including perceived threats to safety or other societal harms or complications.
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The Company competes with a number of companies in the development and deployment of artificial intelligence and has made significant investments in building artificial intelligence features and related infrastructure across its products and services. Failure to successfully develop, deploy or differentiate artificial intelligence capabilities, or to do so as quickly or cost-effectively as competitors, could result in loss of market share, erosion of competitive positioning, and inability to attract or retain customers and talent.
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The Company’s products, services and technologies, including artificial intelligence technologies and features, may be affected from time to time by design and manufacturing defects.
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R&D expense increased during 2026 compared to 2025 primarily due to higher infrastructure-related costs, including investments in artificial intelligence, and headcount-related expenses.
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Artificial intelligence technologies are increasingly integrated into the Company’s products and services and its business and operations. These technologies present emerging legal, regulatory, ethical and operational risks.
Read in the filing ↗ Also in 10-Q of May 1, 2026
Issues related to artificial intelligence may result in reputational, competitive and financial harm to the Company, regulatory action, legal liability, and other adverse effects to the Company’s business.
Read in the filing ↗ Also in 10-Q of May 1, 2026
For example, the Company’s artificial intelligence efforts may give rise to risks related to, among other things: competition and strategy; recouping costs and returns on investments; product liability; intellectual property infringement; data privacy; cybersecurity; sanctions and export controls; unauthorized access to or inadvertent releases of confidential information or other unexpected access to or use of user information; exposing users to harmful, inaccurate or other negative content or experiences; unintended or unauthorized actions by autonomous or agentic systems; misuse of artificial intelligence by employees and other personnel; changing public sentiment; bias and discrimination; and online safety and protection of minors. While the Company is committed to developing and deploying artificial intelligence responsibly, the Company may be unsuccessful in identifying or resolving all potential issues and failures before they arise. As a result, the Company could be exposed to reputational and competitive harm, regulatory action, legal liability, and other adverse effects to its business.
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Research and development (“R&D”) expense increased during the third quarter and first nine months of 2026 compared to the same periods in 2025 primarily due to higher infrastructure-related costs, including investments in artificial intelligence, and headcount-related expenses.
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The Company’s business, including its artificial intelligence and machine learning offerings, also depends on access to sufficient compute capacity and storage resources. Demand for cloud compute and storage services and other artificial intelligence infrastructure has increased substantially across the technology industry, resulting in constrained supply, extended lead times, and increasing costs. In addition to its own data center infrastructure, the Company relies on third-party cloud service providers to meet these compute and storage needs. There are limited third-party providers that can reliably meet such demand, and the Company may be unable to secure sufficient capacity on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, to meet customer demand.
Read in the filing ↗ Also in 10-Q of Jul 31, 2026, 10-K of Nov 3, 2026, 10-K of Nov 3, 2026
For example, the Company’s artificial intelligence efforts may give rise to risks related to: competition and strategy; recouping costs and returns on investments; product liability; intellectual property infringement; data privacy; cybersecurity; sanctions and export controls; exposing users to harmful, inaccurate or other negative content or experiences; bias and discrimination; and online safety and protection of minors; among other issues. While the Company is committed to developing and deploying artificial intelligence responsibly, the Company may be unsuccessful in identifying or resolving all potential issues and failures before they arise. As a result, the Company could be exposed to reputational and competitive harm, regulatory action, legal liability, and other material adverse effects to its business, results of operations, financial condition and stock price.
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The Company offers complex hardware and software products, services and technologies, including artificial intelligence technologies and features, that can be affected by design and manufacturing defects. Defects can exist in components and products designed by the Company or that the Company purchases from third parties. Defects could make the Company’s products unsafe and create a risk of environmental or …
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In particular, artificial intelligence agents and other technologies can take actions autonomously, including interacting with internal or external systems that in some cases they may not be authorized to access, executing or altering code, sending communications, and completing transactions. Such technologies, whether developed or deployed by the Company or by third parties, may behave in unintended or unpredictable ways, including …
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… For example, the Company has made significant investments in artificial intelligence technologies, infrastructure and personnel, including commitments to secure data center capacity, components, equipment and energy resources. There are significant risks involved in developing and deploying artificial intelligence and the usage of artificial intelligence may not enhance the Company’s products or services or be beneficial or profitable for its …
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Risks and costs related to new and changing laws, regulations, executive orders, directives, and enforcement priorities increase as the Company’s products and services are introduced into specialized applications, including health and financial services, or as the Company expands the use of technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence features, and must navigate new legal, regulatory and ethical considerations relating to such technologies.
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Risks and costs related to new and changing laws, regulations, executive orders, court orders, directives, and enforcement priorities increase as the Company’s products and services are introduced into specialized applications, including health and financial services, or as the Company expands the use of technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence features, and must navigate new legal, regulatory and ethical considerations relating to such technologies and new applications of existing laws and regulations relating to data protection, cybersecurity, privacy, consumer protection, intellectual property, and other laws.
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Because the industries in which the Company competes are characterized by rapid technological advances, the Company’s ability to compete successfully depends heavily upon its ability to successfully manage frequent introductions and transitions of competitive products, services and technologies, including artificial intelligence technologies, to the marketplace. The Company continues to develop new technologies to enhance existing hardware, software and services, and to expand the range of its offerings through research and development (“R&D”), licensing of intellectual property and technology, and acquisition of third-party businesses and technology.
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… These risks, and the risks of novel claims being attempted, may be exacerbated as new and emerging technologies, including machine learning and artificial intelligence, are further integrated into the Company’s products and services. For example, artificial intelligence models and tools that incorporate or are trained on publicly available information may carry additional licensing obligations or expose the Company to …
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The markets for the Company’s products and services are highly competitive and are characterized by aggressive price competition, downward pressure on gross margins, continual improvement in product performance, and price sensitivity on the part of consumers and businesses. The markets in which the Company competes are further defined by frequent introduction of new products, services and technologies, including artificial intelligence technologies, short product life cycles, evolving industry standards, and rapid adoption of technological advancements. Many of the Company’s competitors seek to compete primarily through aggressive pricing and very low cost structures, and by imitating the Company’s products and infringing on its intellectual property.
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… The Company also competes with a number of companies in the development and deployment of artificial intelligence and has made significant investments in building artificial intelligence features and related infrastructure across its products and services.
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The Company’s global operations are subject to complex and changing laws and regulations worldwide on subjects including antitrust; privacy, data security and data localization; online safety; age verification; consumer protection; advertising, sales, billing and e-commerce; financial services and technology; product liability; intellectual property ownership and infringement; digital platforms; machine learning and artificial intelligence; internet, telecommunications and mobile communications; media, television, film and digital content; availability of third-party software applications and services; labor and employment; anticorruption; import, export and trade; foreign exchange controls and cash repatriation restrictions; anti - money laundering; foreign ownership and investment; national security; tax; and environmental, health and safety, including electronic waste, recycling, product design and climate change.
Read in the filing ↗ Also in 10-K of Nov 3, 2026
The Company makes statements about its use and disclosure of personal data through its privacy policy, information provided on its website, press statements and other privacy notices provided to customers. Any failure or perceived failure by the Company to comply with these public statements or with federal, state or international privacy or data protection laws and regulations could result in inquiries, proceedings and penalties from governmental entities or others. Such a failure or perceived failure could also result in reputational impacts, ongoing audit requirements and significant legal liability. The risks of inadvertent disclosure of personal data can increase with the introduction of new and complex technologies, such as artificial intelligence features, further exacerbating such risks.
Read in the filing ↗ Also in 10-Q of May 1, 2026, 10-Q of Jul 31, 2026, 10-K of Nov 3, 2026
The Company has faced and continues to face a significant number of patent claims relating to its standards-enabled products, and new claims may arise in the future, including as a result of new legal or regulatory frameworks. For example, technology, data and other intellectual property asset - holding companies frequently assert their intellectual property rights and seek royalties and often enter into litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. These risks, and the risks of novel claims being attempted, may be exacerbated as new and emerging technologies, including machine learning and artificial intelligence, are further integrated into the Company’s products and services. The Company is vigorously defending infringement actions in courts in several U.S. jurisdictions, as well as internationally in various countries. The plaintiffs in these actions frequently seek broad injunctive relief and substantial damages.
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security of a user’s device. This risk increases as artificial intelligence technologies are used to produce highly targeted phishing campaigns, generate deepfake content designed to bypass authentication protocols, and identify and exploit vulnerabilities at significant scale and at a highly accelerated pace. In addition, the Company can be exposed to regulatory scrutiny, product and other legal liability claims, recalls, product replacements or modifications, write-offs of inventory, property, plant and equipment or intangible assets, and significant warranty and other expenses, including litigation costs and regulatory fines. Quality problems can adversely affect the experience for users of the Company’s products, services and technologies, and result in harm to the Company’s reputation, loss of competitive advantage, poor market acceptance, reduced demand, delays in new product, service and technology introductions, and lost sales, all of which could materially adversely affect the Company’s business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition and stock price.
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Third-party developers may also engage in fraudulent, deceptive or illegal conduct that could harm the Company’s business, customers and reputation. Despite the Company’s significant investment in review processes, security measures and other controls designed to prevent abuse of its platforms, some third-party developers have engaged, and may in the future engage, in fraudulent activity or other illegal or improper behavior and the Company may not be able to timely or effectively prevent, detect or remediate such conduct. These risks may be exacerbated by the use of artificial intelligence by bad actors seeking to circumvent the Company’s review processes, security measures and other controls. Any such conduct, or the perception that the Company has failed to adequately prevent, detect or respond to such risks, could damage customer trust and the Company’s brand and reputation, result in a decline in customer use of the Company’s products and services, and subject the Company to litigation, regulatory investigations, fines or other legal liability.
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… Restrictions on international trade, such as tariffs and other controls on imports or exports of goods, technologies, including artificial intelligence and super intelligence technologies, or data, can materially adversely affect the Company’s business and supply chain, particularly if such measures apply to countries and regions where the Company generates significant revenue or has significant supply chain operations. These measures …
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In addition to Company-owned intellectual property, many of the Company’s hardware, software and services include technology or intellectual property that must be licensed from third parties. It may be necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various aspects of the Company’s hardware, software and services. While the Company has generally been able to obtain such licenses on commercially reasonable terms in the past, there is no guarantee that such licenses could be obtained in the future on commercially reasonable terms or at all. In addition, the Company’s products and services have been, and may in the future be, alleged to infringe the intellectual property rights of others due to extensive existing intellectual property coverage, the rapid pace of new intellectual property rights generation, and technological changes in the industries in which the Company currently competes or may compete in the future. This risk may be exacerbated by the use of new and emerging technologies, including machine learning and artificial intelligence, which can involve, among other things, the acquisition and use of copyrighted materials for training as well as the potential reproduction of copyrighted materials in their outputs.
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The Company is involved in lawsuits, many of which claim statutory damages or seek significant changes to its business operations, and the Company anticipates that it will continue to be a target for such lawsuits in the future. Because of the scale of the Company’s user, advertiser, investor and developer bases, the plaintiffs in class action cases filed against the Company typically claim monetary damages even if the alleged per-user or per-entity harm is small or nonexistent. In addition, the Company has faced, and will continue to face, additional class-action and other lawsuits based on various legal theories, including claims related to advertising, antitrust, privacy, security, biometrics, content, algorithms, copyright, user well-being, minors, employment, activities on the Company’s platforms, consumer protection, unfair and deceptive trade practices, or product performance or other claims related to the use of consumer hardware and software, including artificial intelligence products, that are new and unproven. The results of any such lawsuits and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, and any negative outcome could expose the Company to substantial penalties, including monetary damages, fines, injunctive relief, or requirements to change its products, services, or business policies and practices.
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… This risk may be exacerbated by the use of new and emerging technologies, including machine learning and artificial intelligence, which can involve, among other things, the acquisition and use of copyrighted materials for training as well as the potential reproduction of copyrighted materials in their outputs. From time to time, the Company has been notified that it may be infringing …
Read in the filing ↗ Also in 10-K of Nov 3, 2026
… The introduction of new and complex technologies, such as artificial intelligence features, can increase these and other safety risks, including exposing users to harmful, inaccurate or other negative content and experiences. The Company may not be able to detect and fix all issues and defects in the hardware, software and services it offers, which can result in widespread technical and …
Read in the filing ↗ Also in 10-Q of May 1, 2026
… Furthermore, the introduction of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence agents that require access to personal data, creates privacy and data security concerns that could erode customer trust, diminish the perceived value of the Company’s privacy protections, and undermine its competitive advantage. The Company may not be able to successfully manage future introductions and transitions of products, services and …
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… geographic, currency or channel mix, including to the extent that regulatory changes require the Company to modify its product and service offerings; investments in new business strategies, including in artificial intelligence technologies; seasonality; changes to the Company’s licensing arrangements, whether as a result of legal proceedings, adverse regulatory developments, changes in commercial relationships or other circumstances; fluctuations in foreign …
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