Rest of the answer
related matters
With respect to the $4.7 billion adverse verdict received in July 2018 (the “July 2018 verdict”), the Company, having consulted with external counsel, believes that it has strong grounds on appeal to overturn the July 2018 verdict and it will prevail on appeal. This assertion is based on factors, including but not limited to: (i) procedural and jurisdictional issues in the litigation process; (ii) the fact that all verdicts that have been through the appellate process have been overturned in the Company’s favor; and (iii) independent scientific studies supporting the Company’s position. Accordingly, the Company believes it is not reasonably possible that the Company will not prevail. In addition, the Company does not expect to be subject to the July 2018 verdict and, therefore, cannot estimate a range of reasonably possible losses beyond defense costs for the case pursuant to ASC 450-20-50. In the spirit of transparency and in an effort to acknowledge the recent publicity and investor interest in the matter, the Company felt it was appropriate to include a reference to the July 2018 verdict in its Form 10-K.
The Company’s overall position, as stated publicly, is that JOHNSONS® Baby Powder is safe, is asbestos free and does not cause cancer. The number of pending talc related product liability lawsuits continues to increase, and the Company continues to receive information with respect to potential costs and the anticipated number of cases. The Company has successfully defended a number of these cases but there have been verdicts against the Company including, the July 2018 verdict.
There have been several regulatory bodies affirming the Company’s scientific positions that its talc products are safe and no regulatory body, foreign or domestic, has issued product re-call concerns to date. Over the years, the FDA has repeatedly conducted independent testing on commercial cosmetic talc products, including the Company’s talc products, and stated in 1986 and 2014 that these products need not contain a cancer warning. As recently as
March of this year, the FDA restated its latest test results, which used “the most sensitive” techniques and showed that the Company’s talc was safe and did not contain asbestos.
Finally, the Company’s position has been affirmed by juries and courts. Of the jury verdicts related to mesothelioma claims, the Company has prevailed in seven cases, and the juries have not been able to come to a decision in five additional cases, resulting in mistrials. The Company has received five adverse verdicts which the Company has appealed or plans to appeal. These results do not include a substantial number of cases where plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed their cases.
With respect to the ovarian claims, not a single adverse verdict has yet been upheld on appeal, while three verdicts have been overturned. These results do not include a substantial number of cases where plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed their cases. For example, plaintiff lawyers recently voluntarily dismissed, after extensive discovery, a case in federal court in California alleging that the Company’s Baby Powder should contain a warning pursuant to the California Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act, known as Proposition 65, and as a result the court ordered plaintiff lawyers to pay a portion of the Company’s legal fees.
Factors Considered and Procedures in Developing Loss Ranges
Key legal and financial management meets frequently (at least quarterly) with both internal and external legal counsel to monitor legal actions pending against the Company in order to determine whether an estimate of a reasonably possible loss or range of loss can be disclosed. This information includes, among other things, the following: (i) the nature of the litigation or claim; (ii) any progress or developments in the specific matter or the general matter type; (iii) prior experience in similar matters; (iv) any changes or developments in the underlying legal or factual background; and (v) any changes or developments in the Company’s approach to the defense of the litigation or claim. This information and underlying factors can change, and often do, as more information is obtained and as litigation progresses.
For example, factors considered when evaluating current information include whether the monetary damages sought in the proceedings are unsubstantiated or indeterminate; scientific and legal discovery has not commenced or is not complete; proceedings are in early stages; matters present legal uncertainties; there are significant facts in dispute; or there are numerous parties involved. Each of these factors are considered individually and in aggregate when assessing an estimate of reasonably possible losses. Further examples of factors influencing the Company’s ability or inability to estimate loss ranges are included below.
Material Matters Disclosed and Factors Causing Inability to Estimate a Range of Loss
Generally, individual claims are not material to the Company. In certain circumstances, however, claims related to a single product may be material in the aggregate. The Company considers the type of product, nature of claims asserted, the number of actual and potential claimants, historical judgments and settlements for similar claims and potential for future claims. This qualitative assessment helps the Company to determine whether the possible loss contingency may be material. Nevertheless, this limited information does not provide enough substantive detail to reasonably estimate a range of loss in accordance with ASC 450-20-50. Despite circumstances where a range of reasonably possible loss cannot be determined, the Company still provides disclosure for product liability litigation when there are a substantial number of claims and it is uncertain whether exposure will be material.
For litigation matters mentioned in your letter (including, but not limited to, talc and opioid related matters), there are typically hundreds or thousands of claims, all of which could have unique dynamics, facts and circumstances. The Company has been unable to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss for these matters for several reasons, including, among others, the following:
(i) the damages sought may not be alleged in the complaints and, when alleged, may bear little or no relationship to the amounts of a potential adverse judgment;
(ii) procedural or jurisdictional issues;
(iii) the number of potential claims are uncertain and highly unpredictable
(iv) there has been little or no fact discovery relating to the claims;
(v) claims being actively pursued may be dismissed before trial for either no value or for de minimis amounts;
(vi) many cases that are tried result in defense verdicts;
(vii) the compensatory damages awarded for personal injury claims, when those claims are tried, are highly subjective and variable in that they may range from zero to substantial sums depending on factors such as (a) the governing law, (b) historical verdicts in the relevant court(s), (c) the jury pool, (d) the presence or absence of co-defendants, and (e) the case-specific facts;
(viii) punitive damages, where permitted, are not awarded in some cases and, when awarded, are highly variable and unpredictable;
(ix) the Company vigorously defends claims and does not settle other than in specific circumstances that typically develop long after cases are filed; and
(x) adverse verdicts may be reversed, modified, or reduced on appeal.
While the Company includes disclosures relating to each category of claims, including the volume and status of claims, the factors set forth above prevent the Company from developing a range of reasonably possible loss, and these factors are longstanding variables that the Company does not foresee changing in the near term.
In circumstances where it becomes apparent during the course of the litigation that a negative outcome is reasonably possible or probable at or prior to the final appeal stage, the Company considers whether a monetary liability will be required to satisfy a negative final appeal judgment. In the scenario where a loss is deemed (i) probable or reasonably possible and (ii) a reasonable estimate could be made, a potential loss would be recorded and/or disclosed in accordance with ASC 450-20-50.
The various factors influencing all relevant information required for the Company to make reliable estimates to be considered for disclosure or accrual are often multi-faceted and typically have aspects which are out of control of the Company, including but not limited to, the timing of jury or judge deliberations and/or the willingness of claimants to negotiate potential settlements during the litigation process. Therefore, it is not possible for the Company to determine “when we expect the factors to be eliminated.” Rather, the Company’s practice has been to provide disclosures which represent the most current and best available information in its financial statements.