Rest of the answer
Set forth below is a summary of the analysis of the considerations for determining that Mylan is the accounting acquirer in accordance with ASC 805.
ASC 805-10-11 states, in part:
The entity that transfers cash, or other assets, or incurs liabilities to effect a business combination is generally identified as the acquirer.
Since the Combination will be effected through an all-stock transaction, the Company believes the above criteria is not applicable in this situation.
ASC 805-10-55-12 states, in part:
In a business combination effected primarily by exchanging equity interests, the acquirer usually is the entity that issues its equity interests. However, in some business combinations, commonly called reverse acquisitions, the issuing entity is the acquiree.
ASC 805-10-55-12 further indicates: Other pertinent facts and circumstances also shall be considered in identifying the acquirer in a business combination effected by exchanging equity interests, including the following additional factors:
ASC
805-10-55-12(a) states, in part:
The acquirer usually is the combining entity whose owners as a group retain or receive the largest portion of the voting rights in the combined entity. In determining which group of owners retains or receives the largest portion of the voting rights, an entity shall consider the existence of any unusual or special voting arrangements and options, warrants, or convertible securities.
Under the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, Pfizer stockholders will receive 57% of the shares of Newco common stock and former
Mylan shareholders will receive 43% of the shares of Newco common stock. There are no unusual or special voting arrangements or options, warrants, or convertible securities included in the Combination. Existing options and restricted stock issued to employees of Mylan will be included in the exchange ratio calculation such that the ownership on a fully diluted basis will be 57% to Pfizer stockholders and 43% to former Mylan shareholders. The Reverse Morris Trust structure of the transaction required that a majority voting interest go to Pfizer stockholders. In order to maintain the tax-free nature of the structure to Pfizer and its stockholders, Pfizer stockholders needed to own more than 50% of the Newco common shares for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon closing of the Combination. As a result, the Company believes the additional considerations listed below are critical in determining the accounting acquirer.
ASC 805-10-55-12(b) states, in part:
The acquirer usually is the combining entity whose single owner or organized group of owners holds the largest minority voting interest in the combined entity.
Pfizer and Mylan expect that no single shareholder (or organized group of shareholders) of Mylan or Pfizer will own a significant minority interest in each respective company immediately prior to the closing of the Combination. Based upon Mylan’s definitive proxy statement filed with the SEC on May 24, 2019, Mylan’s largest shareholders include various Vanguard funds (7.2%), Vanguard Specialized Funds – Vanguard Heath Care Fund (6.8%), Wellington (10.5%) and Blackrock (7.7%). Based upon Pfizer’s definitive proxy statement filed with the SEC on March 14,
2019, Pfizer’s largest shareholders include Blackrock (8.0%), Vanguard (7.8%) and State Street (5.1%). While there is significant overlap in public shareholders prior to the closing of the Combination, there is no evidence that Mylan shareholders or Pfizer stockholders, respectively, are formally organized to vote in concert on any matters. Accordingly, this consideration does not impact the determination of the accounting acquirer.
ASC 805-10-55-12(c) states, in part:
The acquirer usually is the combining entity whose owners have the ability to elect or appoint or to remove a majority of the members of the governing body of the combined entity.
As of the closing date of the Combination, the Newco Board will consist of 13 members, including the Executive Chairman of Newco, who will be Robert J. Coury (current Chairman of the Mylan Board); the Chief Executive Officer of Newco, who will be Michael
Goettler (current Global President of the Upjohn Business); eight persons designated by Mylan prior to the closing date; and three persons designated by Pfizer prior to the closing date (after consultation in good faith with Mylan). The Executive
Chairman of Newco will be in the class of directors whose term expires at the 2023 annual meeting of Newco stockholders, and each of the three persons designated by Pfizer will serve in a different class of directors. In addition, the Newco Board will, upon the closing of the Combination, be classified into three classes substantially equal in size until the 2023 annual meeting of Newco stockholders. As a result, any significant change in composition of the Newco Board would likely take at least two years. Based on these facts, the Company concluded that Mylan controls the composition of the Newco Board and such control is considered substantive and is not temporary. This is a strong indication that Mylan is the accounting acquirer.
805-10-55-12(d) states, in part:
The acquirer usually is the combining entity whose former management dominates the management of the combined entity.
In accordance with the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, the senior management of Newco at the Effective Time will include
(i) the current Chairman of Mylan, Robert J. Coury, who shall be Executive Chairman, (ii) the current Group President of the Upjohn Business, Michael Goettler, who shall be Chief Executive Officer, (iii) the current President of
Mylan, Rajiv Malik, who shall be President, and (iv) a person selected jointly by Mylan and Pfizer following a search initiated by Mylan, who shall be Chief Financial Officer. In addition, it is expected that other key senior leaders of Mylan will serve in the same capacity for Newco. This is a strong indication that Mylan is the accounting acquirer.
ASC 805-10-55-12(e) states, in part:
The acquirer usually is the combining entity that pays a premium over the pre-combination fair value of the equity interests of the other combining entity or entities.
Since a relative fair value was used to determine the ownership split between Pfizer stockholders and Mylan shareholders, this criteria does not indicate either party is the accounting acquirer.
ASC 805-10-55-13 states:
The acquirer usually is the combining entity whose relative size
(measured in, for example, assets, revenues, or earnings), is significantly larger than that of the other combining entity or entities.
The following summarizes the total assets, total revenue, total revenue (adjusted for Lyrica loss of exclusivity (“LOE”)), operating income, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and operating cash flow of Mylan and the Upjohn Business, in each case as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018. As disclosed in the Registration Statement, revenue from Lyrica sales in the United States was approximately $3.6 billion, representing 29% of the Upjohn Business’s worldwide revenues, as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018. In June 2019, Lyrica’s pediatric exclusivity in the United States expired, and multi-source generic competition commenced in the United States on July 19, 2019. The amount indicated for revenue, adjusted for Lyrica LOE in the table below, represents an estimated full year impact of the Lyrica LOE on total revenues for the
Upjohn Business as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018.
in billions
Mylan
The Upjohn Business
Assets
$
32.7
$17.0
Revenue
11.4
$12.4
Revenue, adjusted for Lyrica LOE
$8.8
Operating Income
0.91
$7.3
EBITDA
3.0
$7.7 (estimated 4.5 after Lyrica LOE)
Adjusted EBITDA
3.6
$7.9 (estimated 4.5 after Lyrica LOE)
Operating Cash Flow
2.3
$5.7
Based on this summary, neither entity is significantly larger than the other entity. Accordingly, the relative size of the entities does not indicate either party is the accounting acquirer.
ASC 805-10-11-14 states:
In a business combination involving more than two entities, determining the acquirer shall include a consideration of, among other things, which of the combining entities initiated the combination, as well as the relative size of the combining entities, as discussed in the preceding paragraph.
The chronology of discussions between Mylan and Pfizer is outlined in the section titled “Background of the
Combination” of Amendment No. 1. As noted in this section, Mylan and Pfizer continually review their respective company’s results operations and competitive positions in the industries in which they operate as well as strategic alternatives. In connection with these reviews, each of Mylan and Pfizer from time to time evaluates potential transactions that would further its strategic objectives, including opportunities that would enhance shareholder value. As part of this evaluation of potential transactions, representatives of Pfizer and representatives of Mylan have from time to time engaged in discussions regarding existing commercial arrangements between Pfizer and Mylan, but not relating to a potential transaction involving Mylan and the Upjohn Business, and none of these discussions progressed beyond preliminary stages. Although Pfizer reached out to Mylan most recently, the continuous discussions between Mylan and Pfizer, consistent with each party’s evaluation of strategic alternatives regarding Mylan and the Upjohn Business, respectively, as described in the section entitled “Background of the Combination”, indicate that this criteria does not indicate either party is the accounting acquirer.
ASC 805-10-55-15 states:
A new entity formed to effect a business combination is not necessarily the acquirer. If a new entity is formed to issue equity interests to effect a business combination, one of the combining entities that existed before the business combination shall be identified as the acquirer by applying the guidance in paragraphs 805-10-55-10 through 55-14. In contrast, a new entity that transfers cash or other assets or incurs liabilities as consideration may be the acquirer.
Since Newco was created to effect the Combination, the Company believes this criteria allows it to identify one of the combining entities, which is Mylan in this case, to be the accounting acquirer.
The following table summarizes the conclusion for each criteria in determining that Mylan is the accounting acquirer.
Criteria
Upjohn
Neutral
805-10-55-11
- transfer of assets
N/A
805-10-55-12 introduction
X
805-10-55-12a
- ownership
805-10-55-12b
– significant shareholders
805-10-55-12c
- board
805-10-55-12d
- management
805-10-55-12e
- premium
805-10-55-13
- size
805-10-55-14
- transaction initiation
805-10-55-15
- NEWCO impact
Response to bullets 2: In response to the Staff’s comment, the Company respectfully refers the Staff to paragraph 1 of ASC 805-40-45, which provides that the “condensed consolidated financial statements following a reverse acquisition are issued under the name of the legal parent (accounting acquiree) but described in the notes as a continuation of the financial statements of the legal subsidiary (accounting acquirer), with one adjustment, which is to retroactively adjust the accounting acquirer’s legal capital to reflect the legal capital of the accounting acquiree”. In this case, the accounting acquiree is Newco and the accounting acquirer is Mylan. In the case of this reverse merger, because the conversion ratio is 1:1 for Mylan’s ordinary shares, the capital structure of the accounting acquirer remains the same as it was pre-merger and the Company believes that its compliance is in accordance with ASC 805-40-45.
Response to bullet 3: In accordance with the
Staff’s comment, footnote 7d included within the section entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements” has been revised to expand the tabular disclosures of the calculation related to the share exchange.
Response to bullet 4 and 5: In accordance with the Staff’s comment, the disclosure included within the section entitled “The
Transactions—Accounting Treatment” and the introductory section for the section entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information of Mylan and the Upjohn Business” on pages 132 and 264, respectively, of
Amendment No. 1 has been revised to address (i) the impact of a distribution of shares to Pfizer stockholders through a split-off as well as a spin-off and
(ii) the potential impacts of the Combination being consummated through the Alternative Transaction Structure.