Rest of the answer
Though there is not a countersigned agreement with the Pool Operator, the Pool activities are subject to the Service Agreement and Terms and Conditions (each found on the Pool Operator’s website) that govern any entity’s interaction with the Pool Operator in that capacity. Specifically, the Service Agreement states,
"By accessing and using the Pool, User accepts and agrees to the Terms, conditions, and Privacy Policy (collectively, the “Service Agreement”). As the operator of the Pool, Foundry shall provide a mining Pool Service (as defined below) to Users under the Service Agreement.”
These agreements include the normal rights and obligations found in most contracts, including each party’s responsibilities, term, compensation, termination rights, limitation of liability, warranty
(disclaimer thereof), and choice of law. The contract documents are enforceable and the arrangement is deemed a contract.
We determined the term of the contract and the period of service for which the Pool Operator determines our compensation in accordance with Section 7 of the Service Agreement, Term and Termination. Specifically, subsections (a) and (b) state,
“a. the Service Agreement will be in full force and effect until User’s access and usage rights to the Pool and Service are terminated by either User or Foundry in accordance with the Service Agreement, or as otherwise agreed upon between Foundry and User (“Term”).
b. User may terminate the Service Agreement at any time upon settlement of any pending transactions.”
The Pool Operator provides additional information within the Pool FAQs available on its website, including expanded explanation about information such as the payout scheme. Specifically, “Foundry USA
Pool pays out to all pool members according to the Full-Pay-Per-Share (FPPS) payout scheme. Daily Earnings are calculated from midnight-to-midnight
UTC time, and the sub-account balance is credited one hour later at 1 AM UTC time.” As the Pool Operator settles payments with Users under the arrangement daily, the Company initially determined per (b) above that the contract provides us the right to terminate the contract each 24-hour period, auto-renewing so long as participation in the Pool continues. Upon re-evaluating these terms in response to the Staff’s question, we identified certain factors that indicate the contract term is less than each successive 24-hour period. Specifically, the contract does not dictate any limitation to the customer’s (Pool Operator’s) ability to terminate the contract; additionally, the preamble to the Service Agreement states that the “User agrees that Foundry will have the right to modify the Service Agreement at any time,” which indicates the Pool Operator has the ability to modify (or terminate) the contract at any time without substantial penalty. Effective August 28, 2023, the Pool Operator updated Section 11, Contract Term and Termination, of the Terms of Service (see
Appendix A.2), which clarifies the definition of a “Contract Day” to be “the period between 00:00:00 UTC and 23:59:59
UTC” and stipulates that, “(b) User’s access and usage rights to the Pool and Service may be terminated for any reason, without penalty, by either Foundry or User by providing one Contract Day’s prior written notice to the other party.” However, the preamble to the updated Terms of Service continues to state, “User agrees that Foundry will have the right to modify the Service
Agreement at any time without prior notice” such that the Pool Operator still effectively has the ability to terminate the contract at any time. Based on these updated terms, we acknowledge the contract term could be, based on the Pool Operator modification, less than each 24-hour period (for example, the contract term could be, based on Pool Operator modification, less than each hour, minute, or second that the Company provides computing power to the Pool Operator). We understand that the Staff would not be opposed to the Company adopting an accounting policy to aggregate individual contracts with individual terms less than 24-hours within each intraday period and apply a consistent point to value noncash consideration. As such, the Company will aggregate the individual contracts in a 24-hour period and will continue to use the price of bitcoin at the start of day (00:00:00 UTC) when determining the fair value of noncash consideration received, ensuring that this point in time in each 24-hour period is consistently applied.
We respectfully advise the Staff that in future filings the Company will amend the disclosures within Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies of our Form 10-K and Form 10-Q related to “Revenue Recognition
- Mining Pool” to more clearly define the contract term used as follows:
“Mining Pool
The Company has entered into an arrangement with a cryptocurrency mining pool (the Foundry USA Pool) to provide computing power to the mining pool in exchange for consideration. The arrangement is terminable at any time without substantial penalty by Foundry USA Pool and may be terminated without substantial penalty by the Company upon providing one Contract Day’s, as defined, prior written notice. The Company’s enforceable right to compensation only begins when and continues while the Company provides computing power to its customer, the mining pool operator. Accordingly, the contract term with Foundry
USA Pool is deemed to be less than 24 hours. The mining pool applies the Full Pay Per Share (“FPPS”) model. Under the FPPS model, in exchange for providing computing power to the pool, the Company is entitled to pay-per-share base amount and transaction fee reward compensation, calculated on a daily basis, at an amount that approximates the total bitcoin that could have been mined and transaction fees that could have been awarded using the Company’s computing power, based upon the then current blockchain difficulty. Under this model, the Company is entitled to compensation regardless of whether the pool operator successfully records a block to the bitcoin blockchain.
Providing computing power to a mining pool for cryptocurrency transaction verification services is an output of the Company’s ordinary activities. The provision of such computing power is the sole performance obligation. The transaction consideration the Company receives is noncash consideration and is all variable. Because cryptocurrency is considered noncash consideration, fair value of the cryptocurrency award received would generally be determined using the quoted price of the related cryptocurrency in the Company’s principal market at the time of contract inception. The Company has adopted an accounting policy to aggregate individual contracts with individual terms less than 24-hours within each intraday period and apply a consistent valuation point, the start of day Coordinated Universal Time (00:00:00 UTC), to value the related noncash consideration.
Revenue is recognized when it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. After every 24-hour contract term, the mining pool transfers the cryptocurrency consideration to our designated cryptocurrency wallet.
There is no significant financing component in these transactions.
Consideration payable to the customer in the form of a pool operator fee is deducted from the bitcoin the Company receives and is recorded as contra-revenue, as it does not represent a payment for a distinct good or service.”
In identifying our performance obligation(s) under the contract we referred to Section 3, Services, which states “b. User shall be responsible for preparing the necessary equipment and bear the expenses related to using such necessary equipment to participate in the Pool and Service.” Additionally, we used judgment to consider whether the Company or the Pool Operator is the principal for the mining activities performed on the blockchain, using the principal versus agent guidance in ASC 606. Specifically, the Pool Operator directs to the mining pool participants (including the Company) the mining activities they undertake as part of the Pool. Additionally, the Pool Operator is primarily responsible for selecting the transactions to be mined, the activities to be performed, placing the mined block on the blockchain, and collecting the block reward. Furthermore, as the Company is compensated on a fixed basis per unit of computing power delivered (i.e., the FPPS payout scheme), the Pool Operator bears the risks and rewards associated with the mining activities. Based on these considerations, we concluded the Pool Operator is the principal for the mining activities directly on the blockchain and thus the Company’s performance obligation is to provide computing services to the Pool.
In evaluating the satisfaction of performance obligations in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-23 to 25-25, we considered the Pool FAQs available on Foundry’s website regarding the Pool’s payout methodology.
Specifically, the Pool Operator pays out to all pool members according to the FPPS payout scheme, under which the block reward is based on a formulaic view of expected earnings and not on actual blocks mined by the Pool (e.g., using relative hashrate contributed by the
User and the current network difficulty). In the FAQs, the Pool Operator explicitly states that “in the FPPS model, the Pool Operator pays out the expected value to miners for the block subsidy and the transaction fees based on their hash contribution to the Pool, therefore absorbing all the risk on when the blocks are mined.” Based on these considerations and in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-27, we determined that the Company satisfies its performance obligation (i.e., contribution of hashrate to the Pool Operator) over time as the
Pool Operator simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company’s performance as we perform. The Company has access to monitor various metrics via the Pool Operator’s online portal, including hashrate and bitcoin rewards under the FPPS model, which are updated and settled by the Pool Operator on a daily basis (one day in arrears). As such, the Company recognizes revenue under the contract for each intraday period (less than 24 hours) in which hashrate is contributed to the Pool and when determined that it is not probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will occur. As the total consideration in the contract is determined daily under the FPPS payout scheme, which varies based upon hashrate contributed by the Company and the current network difficulty, we concluded that the consideration promised in the contract is variable in accordance with paragraphs 606-10-32-5 to 606-10-32-7. However, as such amounts are determined and settled by the Pool Operator within one day of completing the contract, the Company has the ability to estimate the variable consideration with reasonable certainty, such that it determined it unnecessary to estimate constraint on the variable consideration in accordance with ASC 606-10-32-11 to 606-10-32-13. For the avoidance of doubt, we advise the staff that we recognize revenue received in the form of bitcoin on the day such noncash consideration is earned (i.e., computing power provided), not upon receipt of bitcoin. For example, if the Company were to provide computing power to the Pool Operator on September 30, 2023, the Company would have the ability to estimate bitcoin earned based on hashrate provided and confirm the amount of bitcoin received on the following day
(October 1, 2023), such that the amount of revenue reported on September 30, 2023 for that respective day’s activity would be determined with reasonably certainty.
As the consideration paid by the Pool Operator to the Company is denominated in bitcoin, we determined this represents noncash consideration and recognize revenue in accordance with ASC 606-10-32-21 to ASC 606-10-32-24.
To measure the estimated fair value of the noncash consideration at contract inception, we originally determined the contract term to be each 24-hour period, such that we utilize the quoted opening price of bitcoin on the day of each daily contract term. As noted above, we have determined the contract term to be less than each 24-hour period and now adopted an accounting policy to aggregate individual contracts with individual terms less than 24-hours within each intraday period and apply a consistent point to value noncash consideration.
As such, when aggregating the individual contracts in a 24-hour period, the Company will continue to use the price of bitcoin at the start of day (00:00:00 UTC) when determining the fair value of noncash consideration received, ensuring that this point of time in each 24-hour period is consistently applied. In accordance with ASC 606-10-32-23, any changes in the fair value of the digital asset after contract inception due to the form of the consideration would not affect the transaction price for the revenue contract. Please refer to our response to question #4 below for details regarding our determination that Coinbase represents the principal market for our bitcoin.