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… Mariana brings an AI, software-first approach to the permitting, construction and operation of critical mineral projects: fast-tracked capital project execution, which enabled Tesla to build its Lithium plant in Texas in less than 20 months and is core …

New this year Item 7, MD&A, 10-K Mar 31, 2026open_in_new

… Department of Interior’s “2025 List of Critical Minerals, with end-uses in strategic sectors including semiconductors and AI data centers, steel manufacturing, the defense and marine industrial base. Nickel was included on the list of 13 minerals selected by …

New this year Item 7, MD&A, 10-K Mar 31, 2026open_in_new

We believe fundamentals for copper are favorable with growing demand supported by copper’s critical role in electrification initiatives, continued urbanization in developing countries, data centers and artificial intelligence (AI) growth, increased defense spending and growing connectivity globally.

Marked against last year's 10-K

We believe fundamentals for copper are favorable with growing demand supported by copper’s critical role in the global transition to renewable power, electric vehicles and other carbon-reduction electrification initiatives, continued urbanization in developing countries, data centers and artificial intelligence developments (AI) growth, increased defense spending and growing connectivity globally.

Item 7, MD&A, 10-K Feb 13, 2026open_in_new

We believe fundamentals for copper are favorable with growing demand supported by copper’s critical role in electrification initiatives, continued urbanization in developing countries, data centers and artificial intelligence (AI) growth, increased defense spending and growing connectivity globally.

Marked against last year's 10-K

We believe fundamentals for copper are favorable with growing demand supported by copper’s critical role in the global transition to renewable power, electric vehicles and other carbon-reduction electrification initiatives, continued urbanization in developing countries, data centers and artificial intelligence developments (AI) growth, increased defense spending and growing connectivity globally.

Item 7, MD&A, 10-K Feb 13, 2026open_in_new

… In addition, our vendors and other service providers may incorporate generative AI tools into their offerings without disclosing or fully clarifying this use to us. While AI has the potential to improve efficiency, it also presents unique vulnerabilities, including algorithmic …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Sep 29, 2026open_in_new

Demand for power generation for AI and data center operations impacts the uranium market and as a result, risks related to AI and data center operations may have an adverse effect on the marketability of uranium.

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Sep 29, 2026open_in_new

… Furthermore, as we evaluate AI technologies for potential use in our operations, we face new and emerging risks, including evolving regulatory requirements and the possibility that threat actors may exploit AI-enhanced cyberattack techniques. Although we believe we are taking …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 9, 2026open_in_new

As cybersecurity threats continue to evolve and may become more sophisticated, including in connection with the ongoing development of AI, we may be required to incur significant costs and invest additional resources to protect against and, if required,

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 9, 2026open_in_new

Issues in the development and use of artificial intelligence, combined with an uncertain regulatory environment, may result in reputational harm, liability, or other adverse consequences to our business operations. As with many technological innovations, artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Issues in the development and use of artificial intelligence, combined with an uncertain regulatory environment, may result in reputational harm, liability, or other adverse consequences to our business operations. As with many technological innovations, artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that could impact our business. We have adopted and integrate generative artificial intelligence tools into our systems for specific use cases, such as marketing, product creation, planning, and general company operations, reviewed by legal and information security, and may continue to do so. Our vendors may incorporate generative artificial intelligence tools into their offerings without disclosing this use to us, and the providers of these generative artificial intelligence tools may not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory or industry standards with respect to privacy and data protection and may inhibit our or our vendors’ ability to maintain an adequate level of service and experience. If we, our vendors, or our third-party partners experience an actual or perceived breach of privacy or security incident because of the use of generative artificial intelligence, we may lose valuable intellectual property and confidential information and our reputation and the public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed. Further, bad actors around the world use increasingly sophisticated methods, including the use of artificial intelligence, to engage in illegal activities involving the theft and misuse of personal information, confidential information, and intellectual property. Any of these outcomes could damage our reputation, result in the loss of valuable property and information, and adversely impact our business.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 12, 2026open_in_new

Artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that can impact our business including by posing security risks to our confidential information, proprietary information, and personal data.

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 12, 2026open_in_new

Cybersecurity threats, data privacy compliance, and artificial intelligence ("AI") could have a negative impact on our business.

Marked against last year's 10-K

Cybersecurity threats, data privacy compliance, and use of artificial intelligence ("AI") could have a negative impact on our business.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Jul 22, 2026open_in_new

In addition, advances in AI and increasingly widespread use of advanced technology, by us, our third parties or others, including generative AI tools, may increase the risk of unauthorized access to our intellectual property or otherwise expose our confidential information or trade secrets which could adversely affect the value of our intellectual property, investment in research and development and our business.

Marked against last year's 10-K

In addition, advances in artificial intelligence AI and increasingly widespread use of advanced technology, by us, our third parties or others, including generative artificial intelligence AI tools, may increase the risk of unauthorized access to our intellectual property or otherwise expose our confidential information or trade secrets which could adversely affect the value of our intellectual property, investment in research and development and our business.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Jul 22, 2026open_in_new

… We also utilize and intend to expand our use of automation, robotics and machine learning in many of our products, including consumer-facing features, and we leverage generative artificial intelligence in our business processes. While we believe the use of …

Marked against last year's 10-K

In addition, creating or adopting new or complementary technologies and subsequently integrating them may be costly and difficult. We have been involved in trialing new and evolving technology, but doing so may require significant investments of capital, and such innovations are subject to long lead times and failure. Trialing such technology can take an extended period of time, with little to no returns in the short or medium terms. We also utilize and intend to expand our use of automation, robotics and machine learning in many of our products, including consumer-facing features, and we leverage generative artificial intelligence in our business processes. While we believe the use of these emerging technologies can present significant benefits, they also create risks and challenges. Data sourcing, technology, integration and process issues, bias in decision-making algorithms, concerns over intellectual property, reputational implications if use becomes controversial, system security concerns, or the protection of privacy could impair the adoption and acceptance of autonomous machine solutions. Additionally, if we are unable to match or surpass the advances of artificial intelligence that our competitors implement for their products or for internal operations, our competitive position could be impacted. Any such risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition condition, and the trading price of our ordinary shares.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 27, 2026open_in_new

Uncertainty in the legal and regulatory regime relating to artificial intelligence may require significant resources to modify and maintain business practices to comply with international laws and regulations, the nature of which cannot be determined at this time. Several jurisdictions …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 27, 2026open_in_new

We are increasingly leveraging AI technologies, including data analytics and machine learning, across our business, including in R&D, operational processes, and other functional areas. While these technologies present opportunities to enhance efficiency, innovation, and decision-making, they may not perform as intended and could generate outputs that are inaccurate, incomplete, or unreliable.

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Aug 14, 2026open_in_new

Artificial Intelligence - Our use of artificial intelligence technologies could adversely affect our business and financial results.

Marked against last year's 10-K

Significant Disruption at Key Manufacturing Facility Artificial Intelligence - A significant disruption at one Our use of our key manufacturing facilities artificial intelligence technologies could adversely affect our business operations and financial results.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Aug 14, 2026open_in_new

• Our use of new and evolving technologies, including artificial intelligence (“AI”), may present risks and challenges that could adversely impact our business, competitive position, and financial condition.

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 24, 2026open_in_new

In addition, the competitive impact of AI remains uncertain and may evolve rapidly. Our competitors may deploy AI technologies more effectively, use AI to improve their operations or products more rapidly, or develop new offerings enabled by AI that could …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 24, 2026open_in_new

Our increasing reliance on artificial intelligence ("AI") technologies in our products, services, and operations presents risks that could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 24, 2026open_in_new

We are increasingly incorporating AI capabilities into the development of technologies and our business operations, and into our products and services, including, for example, our Chemille platform. AI technology is complex and rapidly evolving, and

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 24, 2026open_in_new

The Company relies on various information systems, including information systems operated by third-parties and which may also include embedded artificial intelligence ("AI"), to support safe, efficient and reliable business and operating processes and activities and to safeguard its proprietary …

Marked against last year's 10-K

The Company relies on various information systems, including information systems operated by third-parties and which may also include embedded artificial intelligence ("AI"), to support safe, efficient and reliable business and operating processes and activities and to safeguard its proprietary information assets, including trade secrets, know-how and other sensitive, business critical information. These systems are critical to the Company's process to accurately report financial results for management and external reporting purposes and to ensure compliance with financial reporting, legal and tax requirements in the United States and around the world. These systems may also be used to collect and process sensitive customer and personal employee data the Company may be legally required to protect. store, process and protect in accordance with complex country- and territory-specific laws that continue to evolve, violations of which could result in significant criminal or civil sanctions, investigations, or enforcement actions.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 3, 2026open_in_new

As a diversified chemical manufacturing company, the Company's operations at each site, including maintenance of its facilities; the transportation of supplies and products; cyberattacks; the expanding utilization of AI in Company operations, including but not limited to its manufacturing …

Marked against last year's 10-K

As a diversified chemical manufacturing company, the Company's operations at each site, including maintenance of its facilities, facilities; the transportation of supplies and products, cyberattacks, products; cyberattacks; the Company's limited expanding utilization of AI in Company operations, including but not limited to its operations, manufacturing process controls, supply chain optimization, and human resources analysis, and by its suppliers and customers, and the complex and evolving regulatory environment surrounding AI; and pandemics and other public health-related events or severe weather conditions and other natural phenomena (such as freezing, drought, hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, etc.) could result in an unplanned or unintended event that could be significant in scale and could negatively impact operations, neighbors or the public at large, which could have a negative impact on the Company's results of operations.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 3, 2026open_in_new

The drivers for REE demand are a diverse array of growing end markets, including electric mobility; physical AI; industrial, consumer and professional service robotics; renewable power generation; energy-efficient motors, pumps, and compressors; consumer and medical applications; critical defense systems; and catalysts and phosphors.

Marked against last year's 10-K

The key demand drivers for REE demand are a diverse array of growing end markets, including electric mobility; physical AI; industrial, consumer and professional service robotics; renewable power generation; energy-efficient motors, pumps, and compressors; consumer and medical applications; critical defense systems; and catalysts and phosphors. Accordingly, the demand for our products may be impacted by demand for these downstream products, particularly the continued growth in xEVs. Despite the current macroeconomic conditions, we continue to believe that we benefit from the growth of the rare earth market, particularly the market for NdPr and permanent magnets, and from several demand tailwinds for REE. These include the trend toward electrification; geographic supply chain diversification, particularly in relation to China; the U.S. government initiatives to restore domestic supply of critical minerals; and the increasing requirement for environmentally-conscious production methods.

Item 7, MD&A, 10-K Feb 26, 2026open_in_new

… In addition, malicious actors may leverage increasingly sophisticated, artificial intelligence-driven techniques to attempt to gain unauthorized access to our networks, compromise personal or confidential information, or misappropriate intellectual property. We have implemented various measures to manage our risks related …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We depend upon information technology systems in the conduct of our operations. Our information technology systems are subject to disruption, damage or failure from a variety of sources, including, without limitation, computer viruses, security breaches, cyber-attacks, natural disasters and defects in design. Cybersecurity incidents, in particular, are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information or the corruption of data. In addition, malicious actors may leverage increasingly sophisticated, artificial intelligence-driven techniques to attempt to gain unauthorized access to our networks, compromise personal or confidential information, or misappropriate intellectual property. We have implemented various measures to manage our risks related to information technology systems and network disruptions. However, given the unpredictability of the timing, nature and scope of information technology disruptions, we have been in the past or could potentially be subject to downtimes, operational delays, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of our systems and networks or financial losses from remedial actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 26, 2026open_in_new

Our business operations increasingly rely on AI technologies to enhance efficiency, improve decision-making, and provide innovative solutions; while AI offers significant benefits, it also presents several risks that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations …

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Jul 30, 2026open_in_new

We, along with third parties, may use data from our information systems and publicly available sources with AI technologies and tools. The use of AI may increase risks of data exposure, including unauthorized access, misuse, or unintentional disclosure of sensitive information. The evolving and broader use of AI tools and technologies may also impact the effectiveness of our cybersecurity, regulatory compliance and intellectual property protection programs.

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Jul 30, 2026open_in_new

Uncertainty in the development, deployment, and use of artificial intelligence in our products and services, as well as our business more broadly, could adversely affect our business and reputation. Artificial intelligence (“AI”) technologies may enable disruption in our industry and threaten our competitive positioning.

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 13, 2026open_in_new

We use systems and tools that incorporate technologies based on AI, including systems and tools that may include generative AI for customers and our workforce. As with many new and emerging technologies, AI presents numerous risks and challenges that could …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We use systems and tools that incorporate technologies based on AI, including systems and tools that may include generative AI for customers and our workforce. As with many new and emerging technologies, AI presents numerous risks and challenges that could adversely affect our business. The development, adoption, and use for generative AI technology remains in early stages continues to be an emerging technology, and ineffective or inadequate AI deployment, safeguards, controls or generative AI development or deployment application practices by us or third parties could result in unintended consequences. For example, models, including large language models, underlying AI algorithms solutions that we use may be flawed or may be based on datasets that are biased or insufficient. insufficient or of poor quality. There is also uncertainty around the validity and enforceability, as well as the nature, of our rights in intellectual property that is created in connection with our use, development, and deployment of AI, including the potential compromise of our rights in our intellectual property that is input into AI tools, whether done intentionally or by our employees or agents without permission to do so. In addition, our use of AI could unintentionally infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. Developing, testing, and deploying resource-intensive AI systems may require additional investment and increase our costs. There also may be real or perceived social harm, unfairness, or other outcomes that undermine public confidence in the use and deployment of AI. Certain of our competitors may deploy AI technologies that provide more value to customers than those deployed by us, which could affect customer demand for our products and services. Additionally, certain AI technologies may enable, or accelerate the pace of, disruption in our industry, including by allowing existing and future competitors to compete and/or outpace Axalta in areas that we have a competitive advantage in currently, including color-matching and certain application technologies. Any of the foregoing may result in decreased demand for our products or harm to our business, results of operations or reputation. The legal and regulatory landscape surrounding AI technologies is rapidly evolving and uncertain, including in the areas of intellectual property, cybersecurity, and privacy and data protection. Compliance with new or changing laws, regulations or industry standards relating to AI may impose significant operational costs and may limit our ability to develop, deploy or use AI technologies. Failure to appropriately respond to this evolving landscape may result in legal liability, regulatory action, or reputational harm.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 13, 2026open_in_new

Our use of artificial intelligence tools may subject us to significant competitive, legal, regulatory and other risks, and there can be no assurance that our use of artificial intelligence tools will enhance our business operations or result in a benefit …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 11, 2026open_in_new

We are exposed to risks related to the use of artificial intelligence tools by us and others.

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 11, 2026open_in_new

… changes in product supply, and the introduction of new products, technologies and equipment, including the use of artificial intelligence ("AI") and machine learning solutions. We face significant pressure to reduce per unit costs to achieve commercially acceptable returns. In circumstances …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Pricing in the paper and packaging industry industries can be affected by, among other things, product commoditization, changes in demand, price reductions, entrance or withdrawal of new competitors or capacity, changes in product supply, and the introduction of new products, technologies and equipment, including the use of AI artificial intelligence ("AI") and machine learning solutions. We face significant pressure to reduce per unit costs to achieve commercially acceptable returns. In circumstances where we are unable to adjust the relevant cost base sufficiently, pricing pressure could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or future prospects.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 27, 2026open_in_new

We may fail to identify, prioritize or implement digital and/or AI transformation initiatives.

Marked against last year's 10-K

We may fail to identify identify, prioritize or leverage implement digital and/or AI transformation initiatives.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 27, 2026open_in_new

We have continued to explore AI use cases in our operations, but there is no guarantee that our investment in such technologies will result in improvements in productivity, efficiency, or other anticipated benefits. While we are continuing to analyze potential risks arising from our use of AI, because AI technology is highly complex and rapidly developing, we may not be able to predict all of the risks that may arise relating to our current or any future use of AI.

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 26, 2026open_in_new

inflationary pressures, currency fluctuations, geopolitical uncertainty, and increased interest rates; or the introduction of new products, technologies, and equipment, including advanced technologies such as AI. For example, growing use of AI by our competitors could disrupt our business model and …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We sell our products in highly competitive markets. We regularly bid for new and continuing business, and being a responsive, high-quality, low-cost producer is a key component of competing effectively. We also face competition that may be larger, more diversified, or better funded than us. These competitive advantages may enable our competition to adapt more quickly to changing customer or consumer preferences; changes brought about by public health events, supply chain constraints, inflationary pressures, currency fluctuations, geopolitical uncertainty, and increased interest rates; or the introduction of new products, technologies, and equipment, including advanced technologies such as AI. For example, growing use of AI by our competitors could disrupt our business model and lower the barriers to entry in the markets we serve. If our competitors invest in, develop and utilize AI tools more effectively than us to innovate and introduce go-to-market solutions more rapidly and compete more effectively on quality and price, we could lose business and the profitability of our business could be reduced. We have started to cautiously introduce certain AI capabilities via Microsoft CoPilot in our environment, and some of our business solution partners have also added AI capabilities to their tooling, but usage is still minimal. Any impact arising from the use of AI by our competitors, as well as the loss of business from our larger customers, customer changes to alternative forms of packaging, or renewal of business with less favorable terms, could have a significant and adverse effect on our results of operations.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 26, 2026open_in_new

Technical and regulatory limitations may impact our ability to effectively and timely adopt Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning solutions.

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 25, 2026open_in_new

Our Information Technology department, in partnership with our Legal department, and other business leaders, are responsible for monitoring the use of AI and machine learning within the organization, along with the regulatory environment in which AI and machine learning operate.

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 25, 2026open_in_new

… denial of service, hacking, break-ins and similar disruptions, including through use of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence ("AI") and machine learning. Cybersecurity attacks and intrusion efforts are continuous and constantly evolving, making it more difficult to successfully defend …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Despite our implementation of cybersecurity measures which have focused on prevention (including a robust cybersecurity employee education program to train our employees on email and password security, recognizing phishing and related topics on a regular basis), mitigation, resilience and recovery, our network and products, including access solutions, may be vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks, computer viruses, malicious codes, malware, ransomware, phishing, social engineering, denial of service, hacking, break-ins and similar disruptions, including through use of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence ("AI") and machine learning. Cybersecurity attacks and intrusion efforts are continuous and constantly evolving, making it more difficult to successfully defend against them or to implement adequate preventative measures, and in certain cases they have been successful at the most robust institutions. Geopolitical tensions or conflicts may further heighten the risk of cybersecurity attacks. Further, the emergence and maturation of AI capabilities may lead to new or more sophisticated methods of attack, including fraud or phishing attempts that rely upon "deep fake" impersonation technology or other forms of generative technology that may increase the efficiency or effectiveness of cybersecurity attacks. AI is also increasingly being used by malicious actors to create more targeted cybersecurity attacks and spread disinformation. The scope and severity of risks that cyber threats present have increased dramatically and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data or premises, exploiting weaknesses related to vendors or other third parties that could be exploited to attack our systems, denials of service and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data. Any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition, as we face regulatory, reputational and litigation risks resulting from potential cyber incidents, as well as the potential of incurring significant remediation costs. Further, while we maintain insurance coverage that may, subject to policy terms and exclusions, cover certain aspects of our cyber risks, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover our losses or all types of claims that may arise in the continually evolving area of cyber risk.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 20, 2026open_in_new

… laws, regulations and policies, including laws related to environmental, health and safety, sustainability, anti-corruption, export and import compliance, anti-trust, money laundering, data privacy, and artificial intelligence due to our global operations. We cannot provide assurance that our internal …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We are subject to regulation under a variety of U.S. federal and state and non-U.S. laws, regulations and policies, including laws related to environmental, health and safety, sustainability, anti-corruption, export and import compliance, anti-trust anti-trust, money laundering, data privacy, and money laundering artificial intelligence due to our global operations. We cannot provide assurance that our internal controls will always protect us from the improper conduct of our employees, agents and business partners. Any improper conduct could damage our reputation and subject us to, among other things, civil and criminal penalties, material fines, equitable remedies (including profit disgorgement and injunctions on future conduct), securities litigation and a general loss of investor confidence.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 20, 2026open_in_new

Our use of artificial intelligence tools may subject us to significant competitive, legal, regulatory and other risks and there can be no assurance that our use of artificial intelligence tools will enhance our business operations or result in a benefit …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Nov 24, 2025open_in_new

We are exposed to risks related to the use of artificial intelligence tools by us and others.

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Nov 24, 2025open_in_new

The Company is subject to risks associated with the potential use of artificial intelligence in the Company’s own operations and by third-party partners that the Company may engage with.

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 13, 2026open_in_new

Eastman has been increasingly using AI tools and more traditional data science practices in its operations, research and development, and other areas to improve efficiency and effectiveness. The Company may be exposed to risks in cases where it utilizes AI …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 13, 2026open_in_new

In addition, competitors or new market entrants may more effectively use artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies to accelerate product design cycles, optimize pricing and promotions, improve demand forecasting and fulfillment, and target digital marketing, each of which may allow faster innovation

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 23, 2026open_in_new

Technological change continues to progress at a rapid pace. The creation, development, advancement and implementation of new technologies such as internet of things, 5G data networks, artificial intelligence, data analytics, 3-D printing, robotics, sensor technology, data storage, automation technologies and augmented reality, amongst others, have impacted and may continue to impact our processes, products, operations and services.

Marked against last year's 10-K

Technological change continues to progress at a rapid pace. The creation, development, advancement and implementation of new technologies such as internet of things, 5G data networks, artificial intelligence, data analytics, 3-D printing, robotics, sensor technology, data storage, automation technologies and augmented reality, amongst others, has have impacted and may continue to impact our processes, products products, operations and services.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 23, 2026open_in_new

… However, the increasing sophistication of cybersecurity threats, coupled with the adoption of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), automation, and cloud-based platforms, poses important risks to our operations, financial performance, and reputation.

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 19, 2026open_in_new

… While AI has the potential to improve efficiency and safety, it also presents unique vulnerabilities, including algorithmic biases that could lead to inaccurate decisions or unintended outcomes; data integrity risks, such as manipulation or corruption of datasets used to train …

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 19, 2026open_in_new

… In addition, advances in AI technology and increasingly widespread use of generative AI tools may increase the risk of unauthorized access to intellectual property, may increase the risk that existing intellectual property law may not provide adequate protection and may …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Our competitive position and the value of our products and brands could be reduced and our business adversely affected if we are unable to maintain or adequately protect our intellectual property. We have numerous patents, trade secrets, trademarks, trade names copyrights and know-how that are valuable to our business. Despite our efforts to protect such intellectual property and other proprietary information from unauthorized use or disclosure, third parties may attempt to disclose, obtain or use our trademarks or such other intellectual property and information without our authorization. We also face attempts, including through cybersecurity attacks and social engineering tactics, to gain unauthorized access to our systems for the purpose of improperly acquiring our trade secrets or confidential business information. In addition, advances in artificial intelligence AI technology and increasingly widespread use of generative artificial intelligence AI tools may increase the risk of unauthorized access to intellectual property, may increase the risk that existing intellectual property law may not provide adequate protection and may introduce potential liability from the use of artificial intelligence AI tools. The theft or unauthorized use or publication of our trade secrets and other confidential business information as a result of such incidents could adversely affect the value of our investment in research and development and our business. Although we rely on the patent, trademark, trade secret and copyright laws of the United States and other countries to protect our intellectual property rights, the laws of some countries may not protect such rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties, the failure of foreign countries to have laws to protect our intellectual property rights, or an inability to effectively enforce such rights in foreign countries could have an adverse effect on our business.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 19, 2026open_in_new

… Cybersecurity incidents, threats and attacks are increasingly sophisticated, including due to advances in artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities, constantly evolving, and originate from many sources globally. In addition, often these incidents cannot be recognized or understood until the target has already …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Some of the information technology systems we rely on are maintained or operated by third-party providers, including cloud-based systems. Cybersecurity incidents, threats and attacks and cybersecurity threats are increasingly sophisticated, including due to advances in artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities, constantly evolving evolving, and originate from many sources globally and globally. In addition, often these incidents cannot be recognized or understood until the target has already been attacked. Despite our efforts to prevent these threats and disruptions to our information technology systems, these systems and those of our third-party providers may be affected by damage or interruption resulting from, among other causes, cybersecurity incidents, attacks, security breaches, power outages, system or operational failures or malware (including ransomware and other programs that operate with malicious intent). These risks are expected to continue to be magnified due to the increased reliance on information technology systems to conduct our business, including those used in furtherance of supporting remote and hybrid in-office work environments and managing our global operating and financial processes. Disruptions to these systems may impair our ability to conduct business and threaten the availability, confidentiality and integrity of our systems and information and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 19, 2026open_in_new

… The rapid evolution and growing adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies present emerging risks to the security of our information, as well as the information of our customers and business partners. Furthermore, the increasing use of artificial intelligence …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We have experienced and may continue to experience an increase in the number of such cyber threats. In addition, while we maintain cyber-security insurance, costs related The rapid evolution and growing adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies present emerging risks to a cyber-attack may exceed the amount of insurance coverage or be excluded under the terms security of our cyber-security insurance policy. information, as well as the information of our customers and business partners. Furthermore, the increasing use of artificial intelligence by threat actors is enhancing the sophistication, speed and effectiveness of cyber attacks and amplifying existing security challenges. Additionally, the use of artificial intelligence by our employees, or by our customers and business partners, could increase our exposure to cyber threats. As cyber-attacks cyber attacks increase in frequency and magnitude, we may be unable to obtain cyber-security cybersecurity insurance in amounts and on terms we view as appropriate for our operations.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Nov 25, 2025open_in_new

In addition, advances in artificial intelligence and the increasingly widespread use of such technology by us, our third parties or others, including generative artificial intelligence tools, may increase the risk of (a) claims against us for infringing third party intellectual …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Nov 25, 2025open_in_new

We are dependent upon information technology and operational technology, including technology that incorporates artificial intelligence (“AI”), which are subject to cybersecurity incidents, disruption, damage, failure and other risks associated with implementation and integration.

Marked against last year's 10-K

We are dependent upon information technology and operational technology, including technology that incorporates artificial intelligence (“AI”), which are subject to cybersecurity incidents, disruption, damage, failure and other risks associated with implementation and integration.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 18, 2026open_in_new

There has been heightened legislative and regulatory focus on data privacy, cybersecurity and AI usage and compliance in the U.S and elsewhere. We may be required to comply with a fast-evolving set of legal requirements in this area, including substantive data privacy, cybersecurity and AI standards. This regulatory environment may present material obligations and risks to our business, including significantly expanded compliance burdens, costs and enforcement risks.

Marked against last year's 10-K

There has been heightened legislative and regulatory focus on data privacy privacy, cybersecurity and cybersecurity AI usage and compliance in the U.S and elsewhere. We may be required to comply with a fast-evolving set of legal requirements in this area, including substantive data privacy privacy, cybersecurity and cybersecurity AI standards. This regulatory environment may present material obligations and risks to our business, including significantly expanded compliance burdens, costs and enforcement risks.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 18, 2026open_in_new

… In addition, as cybersecurity threats evolve, including from emerging technologies, such as advanced forms of AI and quantum computing, the Company is increasingly required to expend additional resources to enhance our cybersecurity protection measures and may be required to expend …

Marked against last year's 10-K

In addition, the Company regularly engages in acquisition activity as part of its active portfolio management. Many newly-acquired companies rely on different information and operational technology systems to the rest of the Company and may not have cybersecurity protections comparable to those implemented throughout the existing Company. Integrating newly-acquired companies and assets and implementing appropriate cybersecurity controls may be more resource-intensive and time-consuming than anticipated. Failure to appropriately integrate new acquisitions into our cybersecurity and IT systems can lead to vulnerabilities and make our systems more complex to secure. Further, the global nature of our operations and diverse information and operational technologies used across the Company may result in potential delays in the detection and reporting of cyber incidents. In addition, as cybersecurity threats evolve, including from emerging technologies, such as advanced forms of AI and quantum computing, the Company is increasingly required to expend additional resources to enhance our cybersecurity protection measures and may be required to expend additional resources to investigate and remediate identified vulnerabilities.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 18, 2026open_in_new

… Our strategic investment in VODA.ai expands our capabilities in water asset management with Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven technology. This platform helps utilities manage aging water infrastructure by providing AI-driven predictive analytics to assess pipe condition and risk across …

New this year 10-K, 10-K Feb 18, 2026open_in_new

… New laws that may restrict use or sharing of data or otherwise regulate artificial intelligence and machine learning may also lead to significant increases in the Company's cost of compliance or otherwise adversely affect our business.

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 13, 2026open_in_new

… Cyber threats and the techniques used in cyberattacks change, develop and evolve rapidly, including from emerging technologies, such as advanced forms of artificial intelligence. The Company leverages its internal information technology infrastructures, and those of its business partners, to enable …

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 13, 2026open_in_new

… Additionally, as we increase the use of artificial intelligence ("AI") tools in our operations, the risk of unauthorized access to, improper release of, and fabrication by AI of incorrect or incomplete information relating to, our sensitive data, may increase. Any …

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 18, 2026open_in_new

• Circuitry Solutions: net sales increased 12% on a reported basis and 10% on an organic basis. Foreign exchange had a positive impact of 2% on reported net sales. The increase in organic net sales was primarily due to continued AI and data center investment driving demand for metallization solutions.

Marked against last year's 10-K

• Circuitry Solutions: net sales increased 11% 12% on a reported basis and 12% 10% on an organic basis. Foreign exchange had a negative positive impact of 1% 2% on reported net sales. The increase in organic net sales was primarily due to increased demand in the continued AI and data center end markets, electric vehicles in China and the mobile phone end market. investment driving demand for metallization solutions.

Item 7, MD&A, 10-K Feb 18, 2026open_in_new

The pace of artificial intelligence advancements, including generative artificial intelligence, and its complex and dynamic regulatory environment subjects the Company to a variety of risks. This includes risks to the privacy and security of the Company’s data, such as …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 27, 2026open_in_new

Artificial intelligence could subject the Company to loss through various internal and external risks.

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 27, 2026open_in_new

… Finally, we may face increased competition due to the rapid development of digital, artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies. Failure to early adopt and incorporate such technologies to improve productivity and manufacturing technology may put us at a long-term …

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 18, 2026open_in_new

Many of the tools and resources we integrate, or will integrate, into our business use some form of artificial intelligence, which has the potential to result in bias and other unintended consequences. Additionally, our use of artificial intelligence software may create additional risks related to the potential for intellectual property infringement or the unintentional disclosure of intellectual property and proprietary, confidential, personal or otherwise sensitive information.

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 18, 2026open_in_new

… Our development, integration and use of AI technology in our operations remains in the early phases. Although we aim to implement AI technology according to responsible procedures and adequate safeguards, our current or future use of AI or machine learning …

Marked against last year's 10-K

From time to time, we may implement new technology systems or replace and/or upgrade our current information technology systems. These upgrades or replacements may not improve our productivity to the levels anticipated and may subject us to inherent costs and risks associated with implementing, replacing, and updating these systems, including potential disruption of our internal control structure, substantial capital expenditures, demands on management time and other risks of delays or difficulties in transitioning to new systems or of integrating new systems into other existing systems. Our development, integration and use of AI technology in our operations remains in the early phases. Although we aim to implement AI technology according to responsible procedures and adequate safeguards, our current or future use of AI or machine learning tools in our business operations could expose us to new or additional costs and risks, including the potential introduction of new vulnerabilities or cybersecurity risks within our information technology systems; the potential inadvertent or unauthorized release of our confidential or proprietary information resulting from the use (whether or not authorized) of AI or machine learning tools by our employees, contractors, agents, representatives, vendors or customers; the potential loss of our intellectual property rights or our potential infringement of the intellectual property rights of third parties resulting from the use (whether or not authorized) of AI or machine learning tools in our operations; and potential legal or reputational harms due to insufficient or flawed data, inaccurate or misleading outputs, insufficient quality control, or unlawful bias or discrimination associated with the use of AI or machine learning tools. In addition, the AI tools we may incorporate into certain aspects of our operations may not generate the intended efficiencies and may impact our business results. Our inability to prevent information technology system disruptions or to mitigate the impact of such disruptions could have an adverse effect on our business.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 17, 2026open_in_new

• new or modified legislation related to health care, data privacy, AI, climate change or cybersecurity;

Marked against last year's 10-K

• new or modified legislation related to health care, data privacy, AI, climate change or cybersecurity;

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 17, 2026open_in_new

In addition, the complex and dynamic regulatory environment surrounding artificial intelligence (“AI”), including generative AI, subjects us to a variety of risks. These risks include, but are not limited to, data privacy and security vulnerabilities, intellectual property patent, copyright, and …

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 20, 2026open_in_new

… The Company’s generative artificial intelligence strategy is to “Generate Responsibly,” actively providing education and awareness, encouraging the safe exploration of generative AI tools and resources, consistent with Company data protection policies and standards.

New this year 10-K, 10-K Feb 20, 2026open_in_new

We are increasingly incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities into our business operations and our products and solutions. AI technology is complex and rapidly evolving and may subject us to significant competitive, legal, regulatory, operational and other risks. There is no …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 19, 2026open_in_new

… breaching the measures and procedures designed to protect our systems, including due to the development, through the application of artificial intelligence and quantum computing, of more advanced cybersecurity attacks. In such an event, we could potentially be subject to production …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Our business may be impacted by information technology disruptions, including information technology attacks. Cybersecurity attacks, in particular, are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data or corporate funds, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data (our own or that of third parties). We have experienced cybersecurity attacks and, while we believe that we have adopted appropriate measures and procedures to mitigate potential risks to our systems from information technology-related disruptions, it is possible that a cybersecurity attack could be successful in breaching the measures and procedures designed to protect our systems, including due to the development, through the application of artificial intelligence, intelligence and quantum computing, of more advanced cybersecurity attacks. In such an event, we could potentially be subject to production downtimes, operational delays, other detrimental impacts on our operations or ability to provide products and services to our customers, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, misappropriation, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, misappropriation of corporate funds, other manipulation or improper use of our systems or networks, financial losses from remedial actions, loss of business or potential liability, and/or damage to our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 19, 2026open_in_new

Artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine-learning technology continue to advance rapidly, presenting both opportunities and risks. If we cannot incorporate these rapidly advancing technologies as quickly or effectively as other companies, our competitive position and business results may suffer. Incorporation …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 19, 2026open_in_new

We are incorporating artificial intelligence technologies into our research, products, services and processes. These technologies may present business, operational, compliance and reputational risks.

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 19, 2026open_in_new

Our business is exposed to certain risks associated with artificial intelligence (“AI”) and other new technologies.

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 27, 2026open_in_new

… For example, nowadays a major number of software, hardware, services and in general technological solutions vendors are including AI components for a very wide range of applications; and we may find improvement opportunities by developing and applying AI in several …

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 27, 2026open_in_new

Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) is increasingly being integrated into applications and systems used by us and third parties with which we do business. The development, adoption and use of AI is in its early stages. We use only limited AI-enhanced …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) is increasingly being integrated into applications and systems used by us and third parties with which we do business. The development, adoption and use of AI is in its early stages. We use only limited AI-enhanced tools at the Company, which are approved after review by our information security team. Yet, our employees could use unauthorized AI tools on our systems, notwithstanding that we require only approved software be used, and our vendors and third-party partners could incorporate AI tools into their software or systems with or without disclosing it to us. AI tools not vetted by us may not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory or industry standards concerning privacy and data protection, and may result in a loss of intellectual property or confidential information, resulting in fines, litigation, harm to our reputation, and diminished public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures. Additionally, unapproved AI tools that are faulty or inadequate for the use to which they are put could harm our Company systems or data. We also could incur substantial costs to address and mitigate privacy and data protection violations, to correct errors and data corruption or loss, and to resolve other resulting issues for affected

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 20, 2026open_in_new

third parties (for example, customers or other business partners who rely on our systems). Additionally, cyber criminals are increasingly using AI to enhance the sophistication and effectiveness of their cyber attacks, which increases our risk of cybersecurity incidents and our cost to protect ourselves against cybersecurity incidents.

Marked against last year's 10-K

concerning privacy and data protection, and may result in a loss of intellectual property or confidential information, resulting in fines, litigation, harm to our reputation, and diminished public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures. Additionally, unapproved AI tools that are faulty or inadequate for the use to which they are put could harm our Company systems or data. We also could incur substantial costs to address and mitigate privacy and data protection violations, to correct errors and data corruption or loss, and to resolve other resulting issues for affected third parties (for example, customers or other business partners who rely on our systems). Additionally, cyber criminals are increasingly using AI to enhance the sophistication and effectiveness of their cyber attacks, which increases our risk of cybersecurity incidents and our cost to protect ourselves against cybersecurity incidents.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 20, 2026open_in_new

… In addition, as artificial intelligence capabilities and other new and evolving technologies improve and gain widespread use, the cybersecurity threats we face and incidents we experience from time to time may become even more challenging to prevent, detect, and mitigate …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Our success depends in part on our ability to maintain current information technology platforms, including some managed by third-party providers, for our businesses to operate effectively, reliably, and securely. We routinely review and upgrade our information technology and cybersecurity systems in order to better manage, report, and protect the information related to our formulas, research and development, manufacturing processes, trade secrets, sales, products, customers, personnel, and other operations. If we do not continue to maintain our information technology and cybersecurity platforms and successfully implement upgrades to systems to protect our vital information as well as our facilities and IT systems, our competitiveness and profits could decrease. In addition, as artificial intelligence capabilities and other new and evolving technologies improve and gain widespread use, the cybersecurity threats we face and incidents we experience from time to time may become even more challenging to prevent, detect, and mitigate to the extent they increasingly use artificial intelligence or other new and evolving technologies. These attacks could be designed to directly attack information systems with increased speed and/or efficiency or create more effective phishing techniques. It is also possible for a threat to be introduced as a result of our customers and third-party providers using the output of an artificial intelligence tool or other new and evolving technologies that includes unwittingly incorporate a threat, such as introducing malicious code by incorporating artificial intelligence-generated source code.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 13, 2026open_in_new

… In addition, if we cannot adequately anticipate and respond to the needs of our customers as they evolve in response to changing consumer preferences, new technologies (including advancements such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, which may become critical in …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Although we do not generally make or sell proprietary consumer products, many of our products are sold to companies that develop and market consumer products, either directly or through other commercial and retail outlets. Sales of flavors, colors, personal care ingredients, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical excipients and ingredients, and many of our other products depend in part upon our customers’ ability to create and sell products to consumers in highly competitive markets, all of which are beyond our control. Our sales could also be affected by changing regulations or technologies (including, for example, off-label prescription drug use for weight loss that could change consumer consumption patterns and regulatory restrictions or bans on synthetic food colors) that could impact consumer demand for products that contain our products. Therefore, we depend upon our customers’ ability to create markets for the consumer products that incorporate the products that we manufacture. In addition, if we cannot adequately anticipate and respond to the needs of our customers as they evolve in response to changing consumer preferences, new technologies (including advancements such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, which may become critical in understanding consumer preferences in the future), and price demands, our results could be adversely affected. Additionally, the market pressures on our customers may adversely affect the willingness of these customers to launch new products, to introduce limited time offerings, and to grow or continue to produce existing product lines. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen a reduction in the size of new product launches and fewer limited time offerings from some of our customers. Even after the pandemic receded, this trend has continued to a degree. Any of these actions by our customers can adversely affect our results. Furthermore, effective in 2027, the Food and Drug Administration banned the use of Red 3 in food and beverages, beverages (effective in 2027), West Virginia banned the use of specified synthetic food colorants (effective January 1, 2028 but currently subject to a preliminary injunction), and California passed a ban on numerous states banned the use of synthetic food colorants in school lunches. Numerous Several other states also have various legislative proposals to ban or restrict the use of synthetic colors. In addition, the Trump administration has expressed an interest in re-examining the use of synthetic food colorants. While we have a broad portfolio of natural color and applications capabilities that enable us to offer alternatives and replacements for synthetic colors to customers, it is possible that such laws could reduce our revenue if our customers find alternative suppliers or remove color from their products. In addition, uncertainties caused by enjoining, pausing, or otherwise modifying any such bans, such as the current preliminary injunction of the West Virginia ban on specified synthetic food colorants, may change the strategies and outlook of our customers and, therefore, potentially our product mix, which could adversely impact our revenues and profitability. Certain states also have pending legislative action restricting ultra-processed foods, which, depending on how defined, may include some of our products or the products of our customers. The Trump administration also indicated it would explore potential rulemaking associated with the GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) program. Restrictions on ultra-processed foods and the GRAS program are likely to limit the products that we or our customers are able to sell and, therefore, may have an adverse effect on our financial condition.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 13, 2026open_in_new

… The techniques used by cyber criminals change frequently and may be enhanced through the use of artificial intelligence. Protecting against these threats may require significant resources, and we may not anticipate all types of security threats or implement measures that …

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 18, 2026open_in_new

… We believe we are at the forefront of new product developments, and our experts span all building fields, from masons and engineers to material scientists and experts in artificial intelligence and data mining. We conduct cutting-edge research and empower …

Item 7, MD&A, 10-K Feb 18, 2026open_in_new

… In addition, advancements in, and the deployment of, intelligent automation, including artificial intelligence tooling and “bots”, may increase our and our vendors’ vulnerability to such attacks. To date, we are not aware of any significant impact on our operations or …

Marked against last year's 10-K

As with most large systems, our information technology systems have in the past been, and in the future likely will be subject to computer viruses, malicious codes, unauthorized access and other cyber-attacks, and we expect the sophistication and frequency of such attacks to continue to increase. In addition, advancements in, and the deployment of, intelligent automation, including artificial intelligence tooling and “bots”, may increase our and our vendors’ vulnerability to such attacks. To date, we are not aware of any significant impact on our operations or financial results from such attempts; however, unauthorized access could disrupt our business operations, result in the loss of assets, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Any of the attacks, breaches or other disruptions or damage described above could: interrupt our operations at one or more sites; delay production and shipments; result in the theft of our and our customers’ intellectual property and trade secrets; damage customer and business partner relationships and our reputation; result in defective products or services, physical damage to facilities, pipelines or delivery systems, including those we own or operate for third parties, parties; result in legal claims and proceedings, including liability and penalties under applicable privacy laws, or laws; lead to increased costs for security and remediation; or raise concerns regarding our internal control environment and internal control over financial reporting. Each of these consequences could adversely affect our business, reputation and our financial statements.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Nov 20, 2025open_in_new

… Further, if we are unsuccessful in developing new technologies, including development and application of artificial intelligence, our development activities do not keep pace with those of our competitors, or if we do not create new technologies that benefit customers, our …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We are continually developing and implementing new technologies and product offerings. Existing technologies technologies, including those procured exclusively from third-party suppliers, are being implemented in products and designs or at scales beyond our experience base. These technological expansions can create nontraditional performance risks to our operations. Failure of the technologies to work as predicted, or unintended consequences of new designs or uses, could lead to cost overruns, project delays, financial penalties, or damage to our reputation. We may face difficulties marketing products produced using new technologies including, but not limited to, green hydrogen, which may adversely impact our sales and financial results. In addition, certain large-scale projects may contain processes or technologies that we have not operated at the same scale or in the same combination, and although such projects generally include technologies and processes that have been demonstrated previously by others, such technologies or processes may be new to us and may introduce new risks to our operations. Further, if we are unsuccessful in developing new technologies, including development and application of artificial intelligence, our development activities do not keep pace with those of our competitors, or if we do not create new technologies that benefit customers, our competitive position and operating results may be negatively affected. Additionally, there is also a risk that our new technologies may become obsolete and be replaced by other market alternatives. alternatives, or that new technologies may not become commercially accepted. Performance difficulties on these larger projects may have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial results. In addition, performance challenges may adversely affect our reputation and our ability to obtain future contracts.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Nov 20, 2025open_in_new

… In addition, some of our systems, tools and resources use, integrate, or will integrate some form of artificial intelligence (AI), which has the potential to result in bias, miscalculations, data errors, and intellectual property infringement, and introduces additional risk associated …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We depend on integrated information systems to conduct our business, including communicating with employees and customers, ordering and managing materials from suppliers, shipping products to customers, and analyzing and reporting results of operations. Avient's IT capabilities are delivered through a combination of internal and external services and service providers. In addition, some of our systems, tools and resources use, integrate, or will integrate some form of artificial intelligence, intelligence (AI), which has the potential to result in bias, miscalculations, data errors, and intellectual property infringement infringement, and other unintended consequences. introduces additional risk associated with unauthorized access to our intellectual property, data security events, and disruption to our business. Further, we store sensitive data, including proprietary business information, intellectual property and confidential employee or other personal data, on our servers and databases. Cybersecurity breaches, global information systems security threats and more sophisticated and targeted computer crime pose a risk to the security of our systems and networks and the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our data and communications. We continue to update our infrastructure, security tools, employee training and processes to protect against security incidents, including both external and internal threats, and to prevent their recurrence; however, our systems, networks and products may nevertheless be vulnerable to advanced persistent threats or other types of system failures. Depending on their nature and scope, such threats and system failures could lead to the compromising of confidential information and communications, improper use of our systems and networks, manipulation and destruction of data, defective products, production downtimes and operational disruptions, which in turn could cause customers to cancel orders or otherwise adversely affect our reputation, competitiveness and results of operations. We have experienced targeted and non-targeted cybersecurity attacks in the past and we could experience similar incidents in the future. To date, no cybersecurity incident or attack has had a material impact on our business or consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 17, 2026open_in_new

Cybersecurity breaches, global information systems security threats and more sophisticated and targeted computer crime, including from threat actors who are increasingly leveraging AI for cyberattacks, pose a risk to the security of our systems and networks and the confidentiality, availability …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We depend on integrated information systems to conduct our business, including communicating with employees and customers, ordering and managing materials from suppliers, shipping products to customers, and analyzing and reporting results of operations. In addition, some of our systems, tools and resources use, integrate, or will integrate some form of artificial intelligence, which has the potential to result in bias, miscalculations, data errors, intellectual property infringement and other unintended consequences. Further, we store sensitive data, including proprietary business information, intellectual property and confidential employee or other personal data, on our servers and databases. Cybersecurity breaches, global information systems security threats and more sophisticated and targeted computer crime crime, including from threat actors who are increasingly leveraging AI for cyberattacks, pose a risk to the security of our systems and networks and the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our data and communications. We continue to update our infrastructure, security tools, employee training and processes to protect against security incidents, including both external and internal threats, and to prevent their recurrence; however, our systems, networks and products may nevertheless be vulnerable to advanced persistent threats or other types of system failures. Depending on their nature and scope, such threats and system failures could lead to the compromising of confidential information and communications, improper use of our systems and networks, manipulation and destruction of data, defective products, production downtimes and operational disruptions, which in turn could cause customers to cancel orders or otherwise adversely affect our reputation, competitiveness and results of operations. We have experienced targeted and non-targeted cybersecurity attacks in the past and we could experience similar incidents in the future. To date, no cybersecurity incident or attack has had a material impact on our business or consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 17, 2026open_in_new

… artificial intelligence (“AI”), and interconnected supply chains expanding the risk of attack. Threat actors are increasingly leveraging AI for cyberattacks, and our increasing use of AI carries risks related to data security, privacy events, and potential algorithmic bias. These AI …

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 25, 2026open_in_new

… security incident response plan; maturing our operational technology security program; implementing more robust cloud security across multiple platforms; establishing AI policies, governance and risk management; maturing our data loss prevention framework to protect our critical data, network and site access …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Cybersecurity risk and ransomware attacks on companies continue to significantly increase and there can be no assurance that we have fully protected our information, that third parties to whom we have disclosed such information or with whom we have stored such information (in data centers and in the cloud) have taken effective precautions, or that we will not experience hacking or intrusion attempts that could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition to maintaining a comprehensive set of endpoint, network, email and cloud security solutions, we continue to take steps to further improve the security of our networks and systems, including further strengthening authentication; continuing to mature maturing our zero trust architecture and strategy; maturing our operational technology security program; furthering our advanced prevention and detection measures; further enhancing and testing our security incident response plan; upgrading legacy systems to simplify and standardize business processes and applications; maturing our operational technology security program; implementing more robust cloud security across multiple platforms; adopting establishing AI policies, governance and risk management; continuously improving information technology project and portfolio management discipline; enhancing accountability with more aggressive key performance indicator targets; continuing to mature maturing our data loss prevention framework to protect our critical data, network and site access controls; advancing our user access management program; limiting USB drive access across our company; increasing network segmentation; enhancing our focus on third party risk management; and improving our capabilities based on threat intelligence and the publicized incidents experienced by other companies, as well as ones that we have experienced despite their minimal operational or financial impact to date.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 25, 2026open_in_new

On March 21, 2025, Ball and Ayna. AI LLC (Ayna) executed a Unit Purchase Agreement to form a strategic partnership in which Ball owns a 49 percent interest. Ball’s interest in the entity, Oasis Venture Holdings LLC (“Oasis”), is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Ball recorded an additional loss of $8 million related to the

New this year Item 8, Financial Statements, 10-K Feb 19, 2026open_in_new

… We continually refine our approach to address evolving cybersecurity regulations, identify potential and emerging security risks (including AI-driven phishing and supply chain attacks), and implement strategies to manage these risks. Ball has developed an incident response plan that includes …

New this year 10-K, 10-K Feb 19, 2026open_in_new

The use of new and evolving technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence ("AI"), presents risks and challenges that can impact our business. Unauthorized use or misuse of AI by the Company's employees, vendors or others may result in the disclosure …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Aug 12, 2026open_in_new

… 15) fluctuations in oil and gas prices and production; (16) the impact of potential cybersecurity incidents, ransomware attacks, malicious AI usage, operational technology disruptions, information technology failures, data security breaches and failures of third-party technology service providers; (17) the …

Marked against last year's 10-K

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements regarding guidance, outlook, targets, objectives, future operating performance, cash generation, capital allocation, market conditions and strategic initiatives. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from those projected, anticipated anticipated, expected or implied. The most significant of these uncertainties are described in this Form 10-K. They include but are not limited to: (1) the cyclical nature of the specialty materials business and certain end-use markets, including aerospace, defense, medical, energy, transportation, industrial and consumer, or other influences on Carpenter Technology's business such as new competitors, the consolidation of competitors, customers, and suppliers or the transfer of manufacturing capacity from the United States to foreign countries; (2) the ability of Carpenter Technology to achieve cash generation, growth, earnings, profitability, operating income, cost savings and reductions, qualifications, productivity improvements or process changes; (3) the ability to recoup increases in the cost of energy, raw materials, freight or other factors; (4) domestic and foreign excess manufacturing capacity for certain metals; (5) fluctuations in currency exchange and interest rates; (6) the effect of government trade actions, including tariffs; (7) the valuation of the assets and liabilities in Carpenter Technology's pension trusts and the accounting for pension plans; (8) possible labor disputes or work stoppages; (9) the potential that our customers may substitute alternate materials or adopt different manufacturing practices that replace or limit the suitability of our products; (10) the ability to successfully acquire and integrate acquisitions; (11) the availability of credit facilities to Carpenter Technology, its customers or other members of the supply chain; (12) the ability to obtain energy or raw materials, especially from suppliers located in countries that may be subject to unstable political or economic conditions; (13) Carpenter Technology's manufacturing processes are dependent upon highly specialized equipment located primarily in facilities in Reading and Latrobe, Pennsylvania and Athens, Alabama for which there may be limited alternatives if there are significant equipment failures or a catastrophic event; (14) the ability to hire and retain a qualified workforce and key personnel, including members of the executive management team, management, metallurgists and other skilled personnel; (15) fluctuations in oil and gas prices and production; (16) the impact of potential cyber attacks and cybersecurity incidents, ransomware attacks, malicious AI usage, operational technology disruptions, information technology or failures, data security breaches; breaches and failures of third-party technology service providers; (17) the ability of suppliers suppliers, logistics providers and other supply-chain participants to meet obligations due to supply chain disruptions capacity constraints, transportation disruptions, energy shortages, geopolitical events, labor shortages or otherwise; other factors; (18) the ability to meet increased demand, production targets or commitments; (19) the ability to manage the impacts of natural disasters, climate change, pandemics and outbreaks of contagious diseases and other adverse public health developments; (20) geopolitical, economic, regulatory and regulatory security risks relating to our global business, including geopolitical and international conflicts, military actions, diplomatic tensions, instabilities trade restrictions, sanctions, disruptions to transportation corridors and conflicts, such as the war shipping routes and changes in Ukraine, the war between Israel and HAMAS, the war between Israel and Hezbollah, Houthi attacks on commercial shipping vessels and other naval vessels as well as compliance with U.S. and foreign trade trade, tax and tax laws, sanctions, embargoes and other regulations; regulatory requirements; (21) challenges affecting the commercial aviation industry or key participants including, but not limited to production and other challenges at The Boeing Company; and (22) the consequences of the announcement, maintenance or use of Carpenter Technology’s share repurchase program. program; and (23) the ability to successfully execute major capital projects and brownfield expansion initiatives, including achieving expected costs, schedules, capacity additions, productivity improvements and returns on investment. Any of these factors could have an adverse and/or fluctuating effect on Carpenter Technology's results of operations. The forward-looking statements in this document are intended to be subject to the safe harbor protection provided by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We caution you not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Form 10-K or as of the dates otherwise indicated in such forward-looking statements. Carpenter Technology undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements.

Item 7, MD&A, 10-K Aug 12, 2026open_in_new

… Information security risks continue to grow with the ongoing proliferation of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning, and the sophistication and high level of activity of perpetrators of cyber-attacks, particularly during periods of domestic and …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We rely on our IT internal and externally managed information technology (“IT”) systems to effectively manage and operate our business, including such processes as data collection, accounting, financial reporting, communications, supply chain, order entry and fulfillment, other business processes, and in operating our equipment. The failure of any our IT systems to perform efficiently could disrupt our business and could result in transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, limited equipment utilization, the loss of sales, customers, or intellectual property, causing our business and financial results to suffer. A failure in, or breach of, our IT systems as a result of cyber-attacks or information security breaches could disrupt our business, result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damage our reputation, increase our costs or cause losses. As cyber threats continue to evolve, we periodically adjust our security measures and procedures to allow us to investigate and seek to promptly remediate any information security issues. Information security risks continue to grow with the ongoing proliferation of new technologies technologies, such as artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning, and the sophistication and high level of activity of perpetrators of cyber-attacks, particularly during periods of domestic and international conflict, and geopolitical tension. Moreover, with remote working remaining an option for our personnel, we continue to have a dependency on remote equipment and connectivity infrastructure to access critical business systems that may be subject to failure, disruption, or unavailability, and which increases our exposure to security breaches. Any of these events could negatively impact our operations. We did not have any significant security incidents or intrusions in 2024 2025 that adversely impacted our systems or business.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 25, 2026open_in_new

… The use of new and evolving technologies, such as AI, presents risks and challenges that can impact our business. Unauthorized use or misuse of AI by the Company's employees, vendors or others may result in the disclosure of confidential …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We continuously evaluate our IT systems and security processes, processes on a continuing basis, including conducting third party security assessments. We continue to make investments and adopt measures designed to enhance our protection, detection, response, and recovery capabilities, and to mitigate potential risks to our technology, products, services, and operations from potential cyber-attacks. However, given the unpredictability, nature, and scope of cyber-attacks, it is possible that potential vulnerabilities could go undetected for an extended period. We, and our suppliers, could potentially be subject to operational disruption to our respective information systems, which could cause production downtime, operational delays or outages, other adverse impacts on our operations or ability to provide products and services to our customers, the compromise of confidential or otherwise protected information, misappropriation, destruction or corruption of data (including customer and order data), security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of our or third-party systems, networks or products. Any of the aforementioned events could lead to financial losses from remedial actions, loss of business or potential liability, and/or damage our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. The use of new and evolving technologies, such as AI, presents risks and challenges that can impact our business. Unauthorized use or misuse of AI by the Company's employees, vendors or others may result in the disclosure of confidential company or customer data, reputational harm, privacy law violations, cybersecurity risks, and legal liability. For further information regarding our cybersecurity risk management processes see Item 1C 1C. Cybersecurity.

10-K, 10-K Feb 25, 2026open_in_new

Recent technological advances in artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine-learning technology both present opportunities and pose risks to us. If we fail to keep pace with rapidly evolving technological developments in AI, our competitive position and business results may suffer …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K May 26, 2026open_in_new

Artificial Intelligence Technologies Could Present Business, Compliance, and Reputational Risks.

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K May 26, 2026open_in_new

… Failure to create and/or acquire new products and generate new ideas, including with the effective use of artificial intelligence, could negatively impact our ability to grow and deliver strong financial results. We may face difficulties marketing products produced using …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Ongoing innovation and product development are important factors in our competitiveness, as is acquisition of new technologies. Failure to create and/or acquire new products and generate new ideas ideas, including with the effective use of artificial intelligence, could negatively impact our ability to grow and deliver strong financial results. We may face difficulties marketing products produced using new technologies including, but not limited to, sustainable adhesives, which may adversely impact our sales and financial results. Failure of our products to work as predicted could lead to liability and damage to our reputation.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Jan 22, 2026open_in_new

… In addition, new technologies such as artificial intelligence and quantum computing may increase the frequency and magnitude of cyber-attacks. Despite significant efforts to create security barriers to such threats, it is virtually impossible for us to entirely mitigate these …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Increasingly, companies are subject to a wide variety of attacks on their networks on an ongoing basis. In addition to traditional computer “hackers,” malicious code (such as viruses and worms), phishing attempts, ransomware, employee theft or misuse, and denial of service attacks, sophisticated nation-state and nation-state supported actors engage in intrusions and attacks (including advanced persistent threat intrusions) and add to the risks to internal networks, cloud deployed enterprise and customer-facing environments and the information they store and process. In addition, new technologies such as artificial intelligence and quantum computing may increase the frequency and magnitude of cyber-attacks. Despite significant efforts to create security barriers to such threats, it is virtually impossible for us to entirely mitigate these risks. We, and our third-party software and service providers, have experienced and will continue to experience security threats and attacks from a variety of sources.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Jan 22, 2026open_in_new

Additionally, the Company may fail to identify, prioritize or effectively execute digital and/or artificial intelligence ("AI") transformation initiatives across its operations or may fail to capitalize on opportunities arising from increasing demand for smart products. Inadequate implementation of digital …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Mar 2, 2026open_in_new

The Company has been, and likely will continue to be, subject to computer hacking, acts of vandalism or theft, malware, ransomware, computer viruses or other malicious codes, phishing, malicious use of artificial intelligence for sophisticated attacks, employee error or malfeasance …

Marked against last year's 10-K

The Company has been, and likely will continue to be, subject to computer hacking, acts of vandalism or theft, malware, ransomware, computer viruses or other malicious codes, phishing, malicious use of artificial intelligence for sophisticated attacks, employee error or malfeasance or other cyber-attack. To date, the Company has experienced no material impact on our business or operations from these types of attacks or events. Any future significant compromise or breach of data security, whether external or internal, or misuse of customer, employee, supplier or Company data, could result in significant costs, interrupted operations, lost sales, fines, lawsuits, lawsuits and damage to the Company's reputation. These ever-evolving threats mean the Company and its third-party service providers and vendors must continually evaluate and adapt their respective systems and processes and overall security environment, as well as those of any business we acquire. There is no guarantee that these measures will be adequate to safeguard against all data security breaches, system compromises or misuses of data data, and insurance may not fully cover the costs of cyber incidents. In addition, the regulatory environment related to information security, data collection and use, and privacy is becoming increasingly rigorous, with new requirements applicable to the Company's business. Compliance with such requirements could also result in additional costs.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Mar 2, 2026open_in_new

We have begun implementing the use of certain artificial intelligence tools within our business. Artificial intelligence is an emerging technology, and while it is intended to improve efficiency or provide other benefits, these outcomes are not guaranteed. The use of …

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K May 19, 2026open_in_new

Our use of artificial intelligence technologies may not be successful and may present business, compliance, and reputational risks.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K May 19, 2026open_in_new

Issues in the development and use of artificial intelligence, combined with an uncertain regulatory environment, may result in reputational harm, liability or other adverse consequences to our business operations. We are starting to introduce artificial intelligence tools to our technology …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Issues in the development and use of artificial intelligence, combined with an uncertain regulatory environment, may result in reputational harm, liability or other adverse consequences to our business operations. We have not yet incorporated are starting to introduce artificial intelligence into tools to our business processes or systems but technology users and may adopt and integrate generative artificial intelligence tools for specific use cases. Our vendors may incorporate generative artificial intelligence tools into their offerings without disclosing this use to us, and the providers of these generative artificial intelligence tools may not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory or industry standards with respect to privacy and data protection and may inhibit us Knife River or our its vendors’ ability to maintain an adequate level of service and experience. If we, our Knife River, its vendors, or our its third-party partners experience an actual or perceived breach of privacy or security incident because of the use of generative artificial intelligence, we may lose valuable intellectual property and confidential information and our reputation and the public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed. Further, bad actors around the world use increasingly sophisticated methods, including the use of artificial intelligence, to engage in illegal activities involving the theft and misuse of personal information, confidential information and intellectual property. Any of these outcomes could damage our reputation, result in the loss of valuable property and information, and adversely impact our business.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 20, 2026open_in_new

Artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that can negatively impact our business by posing security risks to our confidential information, proprietary information and personal data.

Marked against last year's 10-K

Artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that can negatively impact our business by posing security risks to our confidential information, proprietary information and personal data.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 20, 2026open_in_new

• artificial intelligence risks and challenges that can impact our business, including regulatory risks and operational risks if artificial intelligence is integrated into our operations and cybersecurity risks in the event that artificial intelligence is used by a threat actor in cybersecurity incident;

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 11, 2026open_in_new

… Further, these suppliers may incorporate generative artificial intelligence tools into their offerings without disclosing this use to us, and the providers of these generative artificial intelligence tools may not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory or industry standards with respect …

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 11, 2026open_in_new

• Improper use or reliance on predictive analytics or AI-driven decision-making could result in flawed forecasting, compliance issues, or reputational damage;

New this year Item 7, MD&A, 10-K Feb 19, 2026open_in_new

… Cyber threats are rapidly evolving as threat actors have become increasingly sophisticated and carry out direct large-scale, complex attacks against a company and are reportedly using artificial intelligence to increase the virulence of attacks. In addition, we have relied …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We rely on information technology systems and networks, some of which are managed by third-party vendors, including cloud-based systems and managed service providers, to operate our business and to securely process, store and transmit confidential, sensitive and proprietary information relating to our business operations operations, including sensitive information about our customers and employees. Cyber threats are rapidly evolving as threat actors have become increasingly sophisticated and carry out direct large-scale, complex attacks against a company and are reportedly using artificial intelligence to increase the virulence of attacks. In addition, we have relied on our information technology infrastructure to support remote work from time to time and may need to do so in the future, which can increase cyber risks. We are not able to anticipate or prevent all such attacks and could be held liable for any resulting material security breach or data loss. In addition, it is not always possible to deter or detect misconduct by employees or third-party vendors.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 19, 2026open_in_new

Emerging issues related to our development, integration and use of artificial intelligence (“AI”) could give rise to legal or regulatory action, damage our reputation or otherwise materially harm our business.

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 25, 2026open_in_new

We increasingly develop, integrate and use AI technology in our operations, including to drive productivity and data analytics. While we aim to develop, integrate and use AI responsibly, including attempting to identify and mitigate ethical or legal issues presented by …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We increasingly develop, integrate and use AI technology in our operations, including to drive productivity and data analytics. While we aim to develop, integrate and use AI responsibly, including attempting to identify and mitigate ethical or legal issues presented by its use, we may ultimately be unsuccessful in identifying or resolving issues, such as accuracy issues, cybersecurity risks, unintended biases, and discriminatory outputs, before they arise. AI is a relatively new and emerging technology in early stages of commercial use and presents a number of risks inherent in its use by us, our customers, suppliers and other business partners and third-party providers, or through the use of third-party hardware and software. These risks include, but are not limited to, ethical considerations, public perception, intellectual property protection, regulatory compliance, privacy concerns and data security, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position. As a result, we cannot predict future developments in AI and related impacts to our business and our industry. If we are unable to successfully and accurately develop, integrate and use AI technology, as well as address the risks and challenges associated with AI, our business, results of operations and financial position could be negatively impacted. Additionally, if the content, analyses, or recommendations that AI applications assist in producing are or are alleged to be deficient, inaccurate, or biased, our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 25, 2026open_in_new

… Emerging artificial intelligence technologies may intensify these cybersecurity risks and introduce new governance and compliance obligations under evolving AI-related laws and guidance in the U.S. and abroad. In addition, PCT relies on third party software-as-a service …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 26, 2026open_in_new

… such third-parties based on their risk profile and threats associated with third-party technologies and systems that leverage artificial intelligence; and ▪ the use of industry frameworks and controls from the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST"), including NIST …

New this year 10-K, 10-K Feb 26, 2026open_in_new

… Competitors could leverage artificial intelligence to develop new products or methods of enhancing their operations to gain consumer advantages. In addition, our net sales may be adversely affected if our new models and products are not introduced to the market …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We cannot be certain that historical consumer preferences for factory-built homes in general, and for our products in particular, will remain unchanged. Our ability to remain competitive depends heavily on our ability to provide a continuing and timely introduction of innovative product offerings. We believe that the introduction of new features, designs, and models will be critical to the future success of our operations. Managing frequent product introductions poses inherent risks. Delays in the introduction or market acceptance of new models, designs, or product features could have a material adverse effect on our business. Products may not be accepted for a number of reasons, including changes in consumer preferences or our failure to properly gauge consumer preferences. Further, we cannot be certain that new product introductions will not reduce net sales from existing models and adversely affect our results of operations. Competitors could leverage artificial intelligence to develop new products or methods of enhancing their operations to gain consumer advantages. In addition, our net sales may be adversely affected if our new models and products are not introduced to the market on time or are not successful when introduced. Finally, our competitors’ products may obtain better market acceptance despite our efforts to lead the market.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K May 26, 2026open_in_new

… Furthermore, advancements in artificial intelligence could be used by threat actors to attack our systems by using increasingly sophisticated and effective techniques to access our data. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Cyber threats are ongoing, rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly sophisticated. As the breadth and complexity of the technologies we use continue to grow, the risk of security breaches and cyber attacks also increases. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or other disruptions, particularly with employees and others on data networks working increasingly from home. We, our partners, vendors, and other third-party providers could be susceptible to third-party attacks on our and their information security systems, which attacks are of ever-increasing levels of sophistication and are made by groups and individuals with a wide range of motives and expertise, including criminal groups. Furthermore, advancements in artificial intelligence could be used by threat actors to attack our systems by using increasingly sophisticated and effective techniques to access our data. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen. Any such access, disclosure, or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, expose us to liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, disrupt our operations, operations and divert our management's attention, increase the costs required to prevent, respond to or mitigate an incident and damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K May 26, 2026open_in_new

… As part of our digital asset management strategy, we are also strengthening protections against the use of unsupervised AI. We currently implement technical and regulatory blocks to prevent access to unauthorized AI platforms, while maintaining an active awareness program to …

New this year 10-K, 10-K Mar 2, 2026open_in_new

… One of the Audit Committee members has a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, is Certified in AI from MIT, and serves as the cybersecurity expert on the board of another company, bringing relevant expertise in cybersecurity and technology risk …

New this year 10-K, 10-K Mar 2, 2026open_in_new

… In addition, our future success may increasingly depend on highly skilled employees with proficiency in working with artificial intelligence (“AI”), machine learning and other emerging technologies. Competition for these employees is intense and entities with more substantial resources may pursue …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Our success depends on our continuing ability to attract, engage, and develop highly qualified people who are committed to our culture. culture and the Company. This ability creates an environment where people wish to build their careers, and the resulting retention of talent is a and institutional knowledge are key competitive advantage. advantages. We may be unable to attract, hire, develop and deploy talented employees in new and current markets and at the scale required by the growth of our business. In addition, our future success may increasingly depend on highly skilled employees with proficiency in working with artificial intelligence (“AI”), machine learning and other emerging technologies. Competition for these employees is intense and entities with more substantial resources may pursue this talent more aggressively. Our future performance depends in significant part on maintaining high levels of employee engagement and nurturing our values and culture. We believe that our company culture is a critical driver of our success and we invest substantial time and resources in building, maintaining and evolving our culture. Any failure to preserve and evolve our culture to maintain its relevance to our strategy could negatively affect our future success, including our ability to recruit, engage and retain employees. Our success also depends on the continued service of our executive officers, key employees and other talented people. Further, our ability to successfully execute organizational changes, including succession planning and the transition of our executive officers and key employees, is critical to the continued success of our business. The unexpected loss of the services of key employees or executive officers could have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects. In addition, certain economic conditions have led to competitive pressures in labor markets in which experienced personnel are in high demand. Since the competition for such talent is intense there can be no assurance that we can retain our key employees or attract, assimilate and retain employees who are fully engaged in the future. If we are unable to implement and successfully manage the initiatives associated with our strategic framework in accordance with our business plans, our business and financial results could be adversely affected. Moreover, there is no certainty that the implementation of the initiatives associated with our strategic framework will advance our business or financial results as intended.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Oct 26, 2026open_in_new

… Cybercriminals are increasingly utilizing newer AI models to thwart security systems. These technologies could enable threats to creatively exploit vulnerabilities, executing highly sophisticated attacks that would have historically required significantly more time and technical skill. The prevention, detection, and mitigation …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Oct 26, 2026open_in_new

… New developments in the fields of generative artificial intelligence (“AI”), machine learning, and robotics may create new vulnerabilities and cybersecurity risks. Cybersecurity failures may be caused by employee error, malfeasance, other corporate or governmental actors, system errors or vulnerabilities, including …

Marked against last year's 10-K

disruption and an increasing threat of continually evolving cybersecurity risks. Cybersecurity incidents across industries are sophisticated and frequent and may range from uncoordinated individual attempts to targeted measures. These incidents include but are not limited to, malicious software or viruses, including “ransomware” attempts to gain unauthorized access to, or otherwise disrupt, our information systems, attempts to gain unauthorized access to business, proprietary or other confidential information, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in critical systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data. New developments in the fields of generative artificial intelligence (“AI”), machine learning, and robotics may create new vulnerabilities and cybersecurity risks. Cybersecurity failures may be caused by employee error, malfeasance, other corporate or governmental actors, system errors or vulnerabilities, including vulnerabilities of our vendors, suppliers, and their products.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K May 21, 2026open_in_new

• our ability to assess and monitor the effects of artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics and blockchain or other new approaches to data mining on our business and operations;

New this year 10-K, 10-K May 21, 2026open_in_new

Cyber attacks and other cyber incidents are more frequent and sophisticated, are constantly evolving, including through the use of artificial intelligence, and are being made by groups and individuals with significant resources that employ a wide range of expertise and …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Cyber attacks and other cyber incidents are becoming more frequent and sophisticated, are constantly evolving, including through the use of artificial intelligence, and are being made by groups and individuals with significant resources that employ a wide range of expertise and motives. Such attacks are also increasing in complexity, which may make cyber attacks more difficult to detect, contain, and mitigate. Cyber attacks and security breaches may include, but are not limited to, unauthorized attempts to access information or digital infrastructure, efforts to direct payments to fictitious parties, system outages from viruses, ransomware, malicious codes, code or misconfigurations, hacking, social engineering (such as phishing and SMSishing), SMSishing) to obtain credentials, denial of service, human error, service of a website, and other electronic security breaches, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Certain techniques used in cyber attacks may not be immediately detectable, we may be unable to anticipate or detect these techniques, such as use of a zero-day exploit or unknown malware, immediately identify the scope and impact of an incident, contain the incident within our systems, or implement preventative or remediation measures, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, we utilize third-party vendors for certain software applications, storage systems, and cloud computing services. Cyber attacks, security breaches, or other incidents on the information technology systems of our service providers or business partners could materially impact us. We have in the past experienced attempts and incidents by external parties to penetrate our and our service providers or business partners networks and systems. Such attempts and incidents to date have not had a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 26, 2026open_in_new

The rapid evolution and increased adoption of artificial intelligence technologies may intensify our cybersecurity risks. In addition, as locally hosted information technology environments and data centers continue to decline or are decommissioned, we may increasingly rely on cloud-based solutions …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 6, 2026open_in_new

Finally, we, along with third parties, may use data from our information systems and publicly available sources in a manner that incorporates artificial intelligence (“AI”) technologies and tools. The use of AI may increase risks, including flawed algorithms, hallucinations, and …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We, Finally, we, along with third parties, may use data from our information systems and publicly available sources with in a manner that incorporates artificial intelligence (“AI”) technologies and tools. The use of AI may increase risks, including flawed algorithms, hallucinations, and biased outputs. Other risks of include data exposure, exposure and misuse, including unauthorized access, misuse, access or unintentional disclosure of proprietary manufacturing processes, product designs, pricing data, or other sensitive information. The evolving and broader Output generated by AI technologies could result in inaccurate solutions that adversely affect operational decisions, customer relationships, or product quality. As the use of AI tools and technologies may also impact continues to evolve, including by competitors, the effectiveness of our cybersecurity, regulatory compliance and intellectual property protection programs. programs may be impacted. In addition, faster or more advanced use of AI by competitors, customers, or other third parties could create competitive or operational disruptions to our business. Failure to successfully govern, integrate, or safeguard the use of AI could subject us to enhanced regulatory scrutiny, litigation, reputational harm, or competitive disadvantage.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 24, 2026open_in_new

… Additionally, the rapid expansion of data centers driven by growing demand for cloud services, artificial intelligence and other digital infrastructure is expected to significantly increase electric power consumption, which could impact energy availability and pricing for industrial users, including steel …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Our EAF mills melt steel scrap and use natural gas to heat steel billets for rolling into finished steel products. As large consumers of electricity and natural gas, often the largest in the geographic area where our mills are located, we must have dependable delivery of electricity and natural gas in order to operate. Accordingly, we are at risk in the event of an energy disruption. Prolonged black-outs or brown-outs or disruptions caused by natural disasters could substantially disrupt our production. Additionally, the rapid expansion of data centers driven by growing demand for cloud services, artificial intelligence and other digital infrastructure is expected to significantly increase electric power consumption, which could impact energy availability and pricing for industrial users, including steel producers. While we have not suffered prolonged production delays due to our inability to access electricity or natural gas, several of our competitors have experienced such occurrences. Prolonged substantial increases in energy costs would have an adverse effect on the costs of operating our mills and would negatively impact our profitability unless we were able to fully pass through the additional expense to our customers. Further, our finished steel products are typically delivered by truck. Rapid increases in the price of fuel attributable to increases in crude oil prices would increase our costs and adversely affect many of our customers' financial results, which in turn could result in reduced margins and declining demand for our products.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Oct 16, 2026open_in_new

… Cyber threats are rapidly evolving as data thieves and hackers have become increasingly sophisticated, including an increasing use of artificial intelligence, and carry out direct large-scale, complex automated attacks against a company or through vendor software supply chain compromises …

Marked against last year's 10-K

Our operations rely on information technology systems and the secure processing, storage, and transmission of confidential, sensitive, proprietary, and other types of information relating to our business operations. We also rely on confidential and sensitive information about our customers and employees, which is maintained both in our computer systems and networks, and in the computer systems and networks of our third-party vendors. Any significant breakdown, invasion, destruction, outage, disruption or interruption of our systems could negatively affect operations. Cyber threats are rapidly evolving as data thieves and hackers have become increasingly sophisticated sophisticated, including an increasing use of artificial intelligence, and carry out direct large-scale, complex automated attacks against a company or through vendor software supply chain compromises. We are not able to anticipate or prevent all such breakdowns, invasions, destructions, outages, disruptions, interruptions, and attacks and could be held liable for any resulting material security breach or data loss. Additionally, it is not always possible to foresee or prevent internal issues, such as human error, or malicious acts or misconduct by employees or third-party vendors. There are also significant risks related to the use of remote networking services and technologies that enable remote work.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K May 19, 2026open_in_new

… by outside parties, and various other threats all of which have been amplified through the proliferation of artificial intelligence ("AI"), particularly generative AI. In particular, we use cloud systems which could be vulnerable to external intrusions. Techniques used to obtain …

Word for word as last year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 17, 2026open_in_new

… Previously, she served as Senior Vice President of Communications, AI, and Corporate Procurement beginning in 2024 and as Vice President of Financial Planning and Analysis and Corporate Procurement from 2019 to 2024. She joined the company in 1999 as Controller …

New this year 10-K, 10-K Feb 25, 2026open_in_new

Artificial intelligence (“AI”) is an emerging area of technology that has and may further impact various aspects of our business operations, and we may not be successful in our artificial intelligence initiatives, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition …

New this year Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 25, 2026open_in_new

… Additionally, we have started to assess and use artificial intelligence (AI) technology to drive further business value. We have a dedicated information security team that executes our information security program and routinely tests the security of our applications, networks, databases …

Marked against last year's 10-K

We are dependent on information technology systems (our own and those of our service providers such as Amazon Web Services), providers), and these systems contain non-public data about our business, employees, suppliers and customers - The protection of our information technology systems and the data contained therein is critical to us. We leverage these systems and data to support the performance of our business processes, to enhance accuracy and security, and to improve productivity and analytics capabilities, among other uses. Additionally, we have started to assess and use artificial intelligence (AI) technology to drive further business value. We have a dedicated information security team that executes our information security program and routinely tests the security of our applications, networks, databases, etc. While we have security measures and technology in place designed to protect proprietary or classified information about our business, employees, suppliers and customers, there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent all threats to our information technology systems (or those of our service providers). In addition, the rapid evolution and increased adoption of artificial intelligence AI and machine learning technologies may intensify our cybersecurity risks. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage information technology systems change frequently, become more sophisticated and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. The loss of use of information technology systems (whether ours or our service providers), regardless of the cause, could disrupt our business operations. The failure to keep secure the confidential and sensitive data about our business, employees, suppliers and customers (regardless of the reason for such failure) failure); identify or failure by us to resolve deficient, inaccurate or biased outputs from the use of AI; or comply with applicable laws, rules or regulations regulations, could expose us, our employees, suppliers and/or our customers to the misuse of such data and could damage our reputation, cause us to incur significant liability liability, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Item 1A, Risk Factors, 10-K Feb 19, 2026open_in_new

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