Pandemics

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20 paragraphs

Our business may be heavily impacted by political, social, economic, and other events and circumstances in the United States, Canada, or elsewhere. These include natural disasters, pandemics (like the COVID-19 pandemic), political tensions, acts of terrorism, hostilities, or the perception that hostilities may be imminent, military conflicts, and acts of war and related responses, including sanctions or other restrictive actions. In addition, shifts in political leadership, policy priorities, broader public sentiment relating to political matters, and any actual or perceived associations of us or certain of our business partners or affiliates with prominent political figures may, from time to time, subject us to heightened scrutiny, reputational risk, or adverse reactions from investors, regulators, or other stakeholders. Further, interest rate fluctuations, inflationary issues and associated changes in monetary policy or potential economic recession, commodity prices, legislative and regulatory changes, foreign currency fluctuations, international tariffs, fluctuations in capital markets, and broad trends in industry and finance may also adversely affect our business. For example, equipment necessary for our operations is manufactured in large part outside of the United States. There is currently significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States and other regions, including Canada, Mexico, China, the European Union, and others, with respect to trade policies, treaties, tariffs, and taxes. These events and circumstances are largely outside of our influence and control and, while the impact of such events or circumstances is not presently known, any of them could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. See "—Risks Related to Certain Regulations and Laws, Including Tax Laws—Our operations are subject to various complex legal, regulatory, governmental, and technological uncertainties."

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 27, 2026 ↗

•heightened inventory levels to reduce the risk of patient supply disruption and higher transportation and labor costs resulting from significant weather events (including Hurricane Helene), global pandemics (including COVID-19), and applicable government requirements;

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 12, 2026 ↗

Catastrophic events, including those driven or intensified by climate change, pose a growing risk to our operating results and financial performance. The frequency and severity of natural disasters or extreme weather events (such as storms, blizzards, extreme temperatures, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires and droughts) are increasing in many of our key markets, particularly in our three largest states by total sales (California, Texas and Florida). We may experience other catastrophic events beyond natural disasters, including pandemics, civil unrest, power loss, telecommunications failures, software and hardware malfunctions, terrorism (including related cyber threats) and other acts of violence. Additionally, the locations where we do business could continue to be the subject of unrest and national attention, which impacts our ability to operate. The adverse effects of these events may be amplified should multiple events occur simultaneously, such as a natural disaster during a pandemic.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 18, 2026 ↗

However, there are significant risks involved in using models and AI, and we cannot assure that our use will enhance our businesses or produce only the intended or beneficial results. For example, generative AI has been known to produce false or “hallucinatory” inferences or output. Certain generative AI tools use machine learning and predictive analytics, which can create inaccurate, incomplete or misleading outputs; unexpected results; or errors or inadequacies, any of which may not be easily detectable. In addition, models and AI that are based on historical data sets might not be accurate predictors of future outcomes. The ability of models and AI to appropriately predict future outcomes may degrade over time due to limited historical patterns, extreme or unanticipated market movements, or customer behavior and liquidity, especially during severe market downturns or stress events (e.g., geopolitical or pandemic events). Consequently, our use of models and AI could result in inaccurate forecasts, ineffective risk management practices, inaccurate risk reporting and other negative or unexpected consequences.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 19, 2026 ↗

In addition to the regulation of supply chain distribution arrangements, the products we sell may be subject to production, marketing, clinical or coverage restrictions through the FDA and HHS regulatory processes. For example, recent limitations on COVID-19 vaccinations and changes to pediatric vaccination schedules may have an adverse impact on the

Read in the 10-K filed Nov 25, 2025 ↗

tariffs, and public health issues such as a pandemic. During periods of economic uncertainty, consumers may

Read in the 10-K filed May 22, 2026 ↗

Attacks upon systems across a variety of industries, including industries related to digital assets, are increasing in frequency, persistence, and sophistication, and, in many cases, are being conducted by sophisticated, well-funded and organized groups and individuals, including state actors. Emerging risks, such as AI-driven cyberattacks and the potential for quantum computing, could introduce new vulnerabilities in our systems, potentially rendering traditional cryptographic techniques less effective and exposing us to more sophisticated forms of cyberattacks. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized, improper or illegal access to systems and information (including personal data and digital assets), disable or degrade services, or sabotage systems are constantly evolving, may be difficult to detect quickly, and often are not recognized or detected until after they have been launched against a target. Novel methods, such as those utilizing AI or quantum computing, may be even more difficult to detect and defend against. These attacks may occur on our systems or those of our third-party service providers or partners. We may experience breaches of our security measures due to human error, malfeasance, insider threats, system errors or vulnerabilities or other irregularities. In particular, unauthorized parties have attempted, and we expect that they will continue to attempt, to gain access to our systems and facilities, as well as those of our partners and third-party service providers, through various means, such as hacking, social engineering, phishing and fraud. Threats can come from a variety of sources, including criminal hackers, hacktivists, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage, and insiders. In addition, certain types of attacks could harm us even if our systems are left undisturbed. For example, certain threats are designed to remain dormant or undetectable, sometimes for extended periods of time, or until launched against a target and we may not be able to implement adequate preventative measures. Further, there has been an increase in such activities due to the increase in work-from-home arrangements since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The risk of cyberattacks could also be increased by cyberwarfare in connection with geopolitical conflicts, such as the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, including potential proliferation of malware into systems unrelated to such conflicts. As of the date of this Annual Report, neither we nor any of our service providers has experienced a security breach or cyberattack that has materially impacted our digital asset holdings, financial condition or operating results; however, any future breach of our operations or those of our service providers or others in the digital asset industry could materially and adversely affect our business.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

Global health conditions may adversely impact our patient census and treatment volumes. For example, severe flu seasons and the ongoing incidence of other infectious diseases such as COVID-19 in recent years have driven elevated mortality in our patient population, which has in turn had a negative impact on treatment volume. The negative perception of vaccinations in the U.S. has exacerbated these risks. To the extent that these and other global health conditions such as any future severe flu seasons, global health crises, pandemics or epidemics drive sustained elevated mortality levels in the overall ESKD or CKD populations, we may experience adverse impacts on our new-to-dialysis admission rates, treatment volumes,

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 11, 2026 ↗

Changes to the complex and dynamic regulatory environment in which we operate can alter the regulatory framework of the healthcare marketplace and shape the competitive landscape for our current dialysis and ancillary businesses as well as for comprehensive and integrated kidney care markets. Such changes may require us to shift strategic priorities and initiatives to successfully compete. These changes may take the form of executive orders, presidential memoranda, legislative, regulatory and administrative developments and judicial proceedings, and may therefore be subject to evolving priorities and interpretations over time. As a result, considerable uncertainty exists surrounding the continued development of the healthcare regulatory and legislative environment including access to healthcare and the availability and affordability of commercial insurance over time. As an example, while the ACA and subsequent COVID-era legislation, including the enhanced premium tax credits offered for ACA exchange enrollment, resulted in an increasing number of patients with health insurance, recent

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 11, 2026 ↗

In 2024, we resolved an investigation by the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) into certain business practices during the COVID-19 pandemic and settled the litigation City of San Diego et al v. Invitation Homes, Inc. Both matters were resolved without any admission of liability, resulting in aggregate monetary relief of $68.0 million.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 19, 2026 ↗

After disruptions in 2022 through early 2024 as a result of the increases in the Fed Funds rate and dislocations in the office sector as a result of COVID-19, the commercial and residential real estate markets have remained relatively steady over the past 18 months as they have adjusted to a more “normalized” rate environment. Capitalization rates and commercial property prices have been supported by a continued inflow of capital into the real estate markets. However, potential headwinds (labor market, geo-political, rate environment) could impact the real estate markets and Key’s portfolio moving forward.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 23, 2026 ↗

international security events (including the outbreak of war, military action, terrorist acts or other hostilities), can, and

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

For example, recent FDA policy updates regarding COVID vaccine approvals and the evidence expected for certain populations could require additional clinical data or trials to support broader indications, delay approvals or supplemental applications, or result in more limited labeled populations, which could adversely affect the timing and scope of commercialization for our COVID vaccines, including updated or variant-adapted formulations.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 20, 2026 ↗

Any epidemic, pandemic, or similar public health issue, including events like COVID-19, and the related governmental, regulatory, or private sector responses could adversely affect our operations, supply chain, workforce availability, customer demand, and ability to deliver products or services. Such events and responses could also contribute to broader macroeconomic effects, including inflation, labor shortages, changes in consumer behavior, and supply chain disruptions, which could further negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 4, 2026 ↗

The extent to which future public health emergencies may affect our business will depend on a number of factors, including the duration and severity of the outbreak, the timing and effectiveness of containment measures, the impact on global and regional economic conditions, and our ability to adapt our operations in response to changing circumstances. Any of these factors, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 4, 2026 ↗

Any disruptions or failures of our systems or other services that we use, including as a result of a natural disaster, fire, cyberattack (including the potential increase in risk for such attacks due to cyberwarfare in connection with the ongoing Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas conflicts), act of terrorism, geopolitical conflict (including due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine, Israel-Hamas and U.S.-Venezuela conflicts and any potential conflict involving China and Taiwan), pandemic, the effects of climate change, or other catastrophic event, as well as power outages, telecommunications infrastructure outages, a decision by one of our third-party service providers to materially change the pricing or terms of their services, or other unanticipated problems with our third-party services that we use, such as a failure to meet service standards, could severely impact our ability to conduct our business operations, or result in a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, any of which could materially adversely affect our future operating results.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

● epidemic or widespread product failure, or unanticipated safety issues, in one or more of our products;

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 25, 2026 ↗

Attacks upon systems across a variety of industries are increasing in frequency, persistence, and sophistication, and, in many cases, are being conducted by sophisticated, well-funded and organized groups and individuals, including state actors. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized, improper or illegal access to systems and information (including personal data and digital assets), disable or degrade services, or sabotage systems are constantly evolving, may be difficult to detect quickly, and often are not recognized or detected until after they have been launched against a target. These attacks may occur on our systems or those of our third-party service providers or partners. We may experience breaches of our security measures due to human error, malfeasance, insider threats, system errors or vulnerabilities or other irregularities. In particular, unauthorized parties have attempted, and we expect that they will continue to attempt, to gain access to our systems and facilities, as well as those of our partners and third-party service providers, through various means, such as hacking, social engineering, phishing and fraud. In the past, hackers have successfully employed a social engineering attack against one of our service providers and misappropriated our digital assets, although, to date, such events have not been material to our financial condition or operating results. Threats can come from a variety of sources, including criminal hackers, hacktivists, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage, and insiders. In addition, certain types of attacks could harm us even if our systems are left undisturbed. For example, certain threats are designed to remain dormant or undetectable, sometimes for extended periods of time, or until launched against a target and we may not be able to implement adequate preventative measures. Further, there has been an increase in such activities due to the increase in work-from-home arrangements since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The risk of cyberattacks could also be increased by cyberwarfare in connection with the ongoing Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas conflicts, or other future conflicts, including potential proliferation of malware into systems unrelated to such conflicts. Any future breach of our operations or those of others in the digital asset industry, including third-party services on which we rely, could materially and adversely affect our business.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 25, 2026 ↗

during extreme events, such as a pandemic, or during volatile or uncertain economic conditions, due to unexpected changes in behavior of claimants and policyholders, including an increase in fraudulent reporting of exposures and/or losses, reduced maintenance of insured properties, increased frequency of small claims or delays in the reporting or adjudication of claims.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 12, 2026 ↗

epidemic or any other widespread illness or pandemic; (vi) public perception about such healthcare services; and (vii) social and environmental factors.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 6, 2026 ↗