War and geopolitics

Impacts from potential deterioration in geopolitical or trade relationships between the U.S. and other countries, particularly China and European Union member states, including as a result of the risks described above, could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows.

Read in the 10-K filed Jan 30, 2026 ↗

Geopolitical tensions may provoke further retaliatory actions by our trading partners that may increase costs, disrupt our supply chain and/or impact our business operations. China maintains significant control over the majority of rare earth elements, which are essential elements in many electronic devices. Should China reinstate its export ban on rare earth elements or take other actions that restrict U.S. supply of these minerals, it would impact both the consumer electronics we sell and our business’s underlying technological infrastructure.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 18, 2026 ↗

•geopolitical affairs, including tariffs and other measures that impact the price or availability of transporting our products;

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 18, 2026 ↗

•political conditions, diplomatic relationships and alliances and geopolitical events, including war and terrorism;

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 18, 2026 ↗

There is continued uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and various other countries with respect to tariffs, trade policies, government regulations, treaties and trade agreements. Recent changes in U.S. administrative policy have led to significant increases in tariffs on goods imported into the U.S., particularly tariffs on products manufactured in Europe, Mexico and China. These tariffs, and additional proposed tariffs or other restrictive changes, have resulted, and may further result, in retaliatory trade measures in response to such actions and ongoing uncertainty regarding existing trade agreements and greater restrictions on free trade generally, among other possible changes. Further governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements, a trade war, changes in U.S. social, political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development and investment in the territories and countries where we currently manufacture and sell products, and any resulting negative sentiments towards the U.S. as a result of such changes, would likely have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. To the extent that we incur incremental tariffs, we may need to recover such tariffs from our customers, and there is no guarantee such recoveries will occur.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 5, 2026 ↗

There is inherent risk, based on the complex relationships between certain countries and within regions, that political, diplomatic or military events could result in trade disruptions and other disruptions in the markets and industries we serve and our supply chain. For example, the ongoing geopolitical and economic uncertainty between the U.S. and China, the unknown impact of current and future U.S. and Chinese trade regulations, and geopolitical risks between the U.S, Canada, where WhiteFiber’s data centers are located, between the U.S. and Mexico, where certain components are supplied, or between China and Taiwan where chips are manufactured, could, directly or indirectly, materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 27, 2026 ↗

•general economic, social, and political conditions, including increased political tensions and disagreements, including as a result of tariffs and trade policies, and geopolitical activity;

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 20, 2026 ↗

Our global operations and supply chain expose us to risks associated with geopolitical developments, including instability or disruption in particular region, war, terrorism, riot, civil insurrection, and social or political unrest. We are also exposed to a wide range of shifting economic, regulatory or national security priorities in the countries we operate. Increasing tensions between the United States and China—including tariffs, export controls, investment restrictions, and evolving data security or technology transfer requirements—could disrupt our supply chain. Any escalation of these tensions, or similar geopolitical volatility in other regions, could result in reduced demand, increased costs, supply shortages, product delays or other adverse consequences to our business and operations. Our success depends on our ability to anticipate and manage these risks effectively. Failure to mitigate these risks could reduce our sales, or give rise to incremental costs that could adversely affect our results of operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 12, 2025 ↗

We cannot predict the extent to which the U.S. or other countries will impose new or additional quotas, duties, tariffs, taxes, or other similar restrictions upon the import of goods and services in the future, nor can we predict future trade policy or the terms of any renegotiated trade agreements and their impact on our business. The continuing adoption or expansion of trade restrictions, the occurrence of a trade war, or other governmental action related to tariffs or trade agreements or policies has the potential to adversely impact demand for our HPC data centers, our costs, our business partners, our suppliers, and the U.S. economy, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 24, 2026 ↗

Our business depends on providing tenants with highly reliable services, including with respect to physical security, cybersecurity, and maintenance of environmental conditions. We may fail to provide such services because our operations are vulnerable to, among other things, mechanical or telecommunications failure, power outage, human error, physical or electronic security breaches, cyberattacks, war, terrorism, fire, earthquake, pandemics, hurricane, flood and other natural disasters, sabotage and vandalism.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 24, 2026 ↗

Restaurant dining generally is dependent upon consumer discretionary spending, which may be affected by macroeconomic conditions that are beyond our control. A prolonged economic downturn or slow recovery may reduce consumer spending, leading to lower demand or shifts to lower-priced options. Factors such as unemployment, inflation, interest rate changes, taxes, access to credit, public health crises, trade disputes, and geopolitical instability can all impact consumer behavior, including discretionary spending, potentially reducing demand for our products. A significant decrease in guest traffic or average transaction size would negatively impact our financial performance. If economic uncertainty persists, guests may adopt lasting changes in spending habits, potentially affecting our sales, profitability, and growth plans.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 4, 2026 ↗

The U.S. government has taken executive action and proposed additional measures intended to alter the U.S. approach to international trade policy, the terms of certain existing bilateral or multi‐lateral trade agreements and trading arrangements with foreign countries. Such changes to U.S. international trade policy, and retaliatory trade measures that foreign governments have taken and may take in the future in response, including the imposition of tariffs, bans, sanctions, export or import controls, or other measures that restrict international trade, or the threat of such actions, and uncertainties about tariffs and their effects on trading relationships, may affect, and in some cases have affected, the Registrants’ ability to access the capital markets, contribute to inflation in the markets in which the Registrants operate, increase costs and cost volatility, impact availability of goods, materials and services (including those necessary for our business and capital plan), further extend lead times or otherwise negatively impact the global supply chain. While the U.S. government has announced various trade deals, many such agreements are preliminary and may be subject to change. Further, any future disagreement between the U.S. government and other countries over the implementation of trade deals or any failure to obtain required governmental approvals or otherwise reach a final agreement could result in prolonged uncertainty regarding the scope and duration of such trade actions by the U.S. government and other countries. Such announcements, rescissions of tariffs on foreign jurisdictions and other trade actions have increased uncertainty regarding the ultimate effects of the tariffs on economic conditions. In addition, related geopolitical and domestic political developments, such as existing and potential trade wars, uncertainty regarding changes in trade policy and other events beyond our control, have increased and may continue to increase levels of political and economic unpredictability globally and the volatility of global financial markets. Such developments could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 19, 2026 ↗

However, there are significant risks involved in using models and AI, and we cannot assure that our use will enhance our businesses or produce only the intended or beneficial results. For example, generative AI has been known to produce false or “hallucinatory” inferences or output. Certain generative AI tools use machine learning and predictive analytics, which can create inaccurate, incomplete or misleading outputs; unexpected results; or errors or inadequacies, any of which may not be easily detectable. In addition, models and AI that are based on historical data sets might not be accurate predictors of future outcomes. The ability of models and AI to appropriately predict future outcomes may degrade over time due to limited historical patterns, extreme or unanticipated market movements, or customer behavior and liquidity, especially during severe market downturns or stress events (e.g., geopolitical or pandemic events). Consequently, our use of models and AI could result in inaccurate forecasts, ineffective risk management practices, inaccurate risk reporting and other negative or unexpected consequences.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 19, 2026 ↗

Political tensions as a result of trade policies could reduce trade volume, investment, technological exchange and other economic activities between major international economies, resulting in a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets. Geopolitical volatility and military conflicts, such as those in the Middle East and Ukraine, may also result in a global economic slowdown and long-term changes to global trade that could make it more difficult to sell our products in, or restrict our access to, some markets and/or customers. Furthermore, our supply chains concentrated in certain geographic regions, and worldwide geopolitical tensions and conflicts could result in changing regulatory requirements, supply disruptions, and reduced access to global markets that could materially and adversely affect our operations, product demand, and profitability.

Read in the 10-K filed Aug 14, 2026 ↗

Furthermore, geopolitical dynamics caused by changes or uncertainty in U.S. policies or the political, economic, social or other conditions or policies in foreign countries and regions in which we do business may impact or disrupt our business, as well as the operations of our customers, suppliers, service providers, or other third-party business partners. During fiscal 2025, we continued to experience increased costs, including for fuel, and it is possible that we could experience supply disruptions, shortages, or additional costs (including with respect to packaging, materials, and other equipment) resulting from U.S. tariffs or other protective measures. These tariffs and protective measures may include (i) the existing fentanyl tariffs, reciprocal tariffs, or secondary tariffs imposed on Indian or Brazilian-origin goods; (ii) the threatened tariffs on imports of pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical ingredients under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (as amended); or (iii) additional tariffs imposed by the U.S. Executive Branch or Congress. We cannot predict how or when these tariffs may be implemented or modified. Moreover, other countries may impose counter-tariffs or measures that could impact our operations and pricing. The current environment relating to tariffs is highly dynamic, and tariff policies may be interrelated with other regulatory and foreign policy initiatives of the Executive Branch and/or Congress.

Read in the 10-K filed Nov 25, 2025 ↗

Unforeseen global events, such as the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas conflict, could

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 2, 2026 ↗

Our quarterly results have fluctuated, and are likely to fluctuate in the future, as a result of a number of known and unknown factors, including: the factors described in this Item 1, Part 1A of this Annual Report; the cyclical nature and seasonality of our sales cycle and our customers’ businesses, especially our Commerce service offering customers; the global economic impact of geopolitical events, including ongoing conflicts and uncertainty about the interest rate environment; the timing of contract execution and term software license sales; the amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures related to the operations and expansion of our business; the timing of commission, bonus and other compensation payments to

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 2, 2026 ↗

The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has historically been highly volatile. Accordingly, our stock price has been and is likely to continue to be subject to wide fluctuations. Our stock price could be affected by many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including: the factors described in this Item 1, Part 1A of this Annual Report; announcements or rumors by us or our competitors regarding technological innovations, new services or service enhancements, strategic alliances, mergers, other strategic acquisitions or significant agreements, customer additions, customer cancellations or delays in customer purchases; investor sentiment regarding AI-related business models, our competitors, and our industry in general; variations in our financial results and how those results compare to analyst expectations; changes to guidance or long-range targets, in the estimates of our operating results or in recommendations by securities analysts that follow our stock; variations in investors’ or analysts’ valuation metrics and modeling for our business; the issuance of, changes to, or our ability to meet or exceed, our forward-looking guidance and long-range targets, estimates or recommendations by analysts, or expectations of investors, analysts or others; the coverage of our business in the press, social media, and analyst community; the economy as a whole, geopolitical conditions, including global trade and health concerns, market conditions in our and our customers’ industries, and financial institution instability; trading activity by our stockholders, including institutional or activist investors; changes in the amounts and frequency of share repurchases or dividends; issuance of equity, debt or other convertible securities; changes to our credit ratings; and issues impacting our brand and reputation.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 2, 2026 ↗

Unexpected changes in business conditions, materials pricing, labor issues, wars, trade policies, natural disasters, health epidemics, trade and shipping disruptions, port congestions, and other factors beyond our or our suppliers’ control could also affect these suppliers’ ability to deliver components to us or to remain solvent and operational. Such disruptions could adversely affect our business if we are not able to meet customer demands. In addition, some of our suppliers are located in China. Our access to suppliers in China may be limited or impaired as a result of tariffs, including those that have been recently introduced by the current U.S. administration, or other government restrictions in response to geopolitical factors. There is no guarantee we may be able to continually use alternative suppliers and alternative parts as we scale production to meet our growth targets. Additionally, if our suppliers do not accurately forecast and effectively allocate production or if they are not willing to allocate sufficient production to us, it may reduce our access to components and require us to search for new suppliers. The unavailability of any component or supplier could result in production delays, idle manufacturing facilities, product design changes, and loss of access to important technology and tools for producing and supporting our products, as well as impact our capacity expansion and our ability to fulfill our obligations under customer contracts. Moreover, new product launches or product design changes by us have required, and may in the future require, us to procure additional components in a short amount of time. Our suppliers may not be willing or able to sustainably meet our timelines or our cost, quality, and volume needs, or to do so may cost us more, which may require us to replace them with other sources.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 26, 2026 ↗

Further, geopolitical tensions, armed conflicts, acts of terrorism, military actions and related sanctions or other governmental responses, including developments in the Middle East and other strategically important regions, may disrupt global trade routes, shipping channels, transportation networks, energy supplies and financial markets. Such events may contribute to volatility in fuel and energy prices, increase freight and distribution costs, adversely affect the operations of suppliers and other business partners, and exacerbate inflationary pressures and broader economic uncertainty. Disruptions affecting key maritime shipping routes, ports or other critical infrastructure could adversely affect the availability, timing and cost of materials and products used in our business and may require us or our suppliers to implement alternative sourcing, transportation or inventory strategies, which could increase costs and reduce operating efficiencies. As a result, these factors could adversely affect our revenue, operating margins, cash flows and consolidated results of operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Jul 29, 2026 ↗

As we expand into new jurisdictions and expand or pursue new business opportunities, the payment-related regulations that we are subject to will expand as well, including, for example, with respect to the provision of payments and financial services we offer in Israel. In addition to fines, penalties for failing to comply with applicable rules and regulations related

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 18, 2026 ↗

DuPont’s operations require the continued availability of energy and raw materials and rely on third-party suppliers, contract manufacturers and service providers. The Company’s supply chains are complex and extend across multiple countries in all regions of the world, and, therefore, are subject to global economic and geopolitical dynamics and risks.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 17, 2026 ↗

Trade regulations, policies and disputes as well as geopolitical changes and trends such as populism, protectionism and economic nationalism can and have resulted in increased tariffs and trade barriers, which can and have limited DuPont’s ability to sell certain products to certain customers, and have otherwise impacted its global supply and distribution chains and research and development activities. The extent, duration or escalation in specific trade tensions, such as between the U.S. and China, or in the global trade conflict more broadly, could be harmful to global economic growth, increase market uncertainty and volatility and adversely impact the Company’s business in or with China or other countries. The resulting impact on general economic conditions and on DuPont’s business are uncertain and depend on various factors, such as negotiations between the U.S. and affected countries, the responses of other countries or regions, exemptions or exclusions that may be granted, availability and cost of alternative sources of supply, and DuPont’s ability to change its supply chains or otherwise execute its sourcing model to offset the effects of the tariffs and other trade barriers.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 17, 2026 ↗

economic and political instability, including war or armed conflict, changes in government policies, expropriation, nationalization, and other political, economic, or social developments,

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 18, 2025 ↗

supply chain disruptions, including, as a result of natural disasters, transportation disruptions, and geopolitical events,

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 18, 2025 ↗

We anticipate fluctuations in our supply chain due to ongoing geopolitical and economic uncertainty, and regulatory and policy instability, including import tariffs and trade agreements. For example, certain of our products, including motors, batteries, and other components, rely on rare earth minerals for their manufacturing, of which a significant majority are sourced from China. The inability to obtain export permits for rare earth minerals could have a detrimental effect on our business. These complications have the potential to significantly increase production and logistics costs, including additional research and development costs for designing alternative solutions, and therefore would have a detrimental effect on the profitability of the business. Rapid changes and growing complexity in trade policies may also affect the ability of customs brokers and logistics providers to timely process imported products, which could result in delays, higher logistics costs, and production disruptions.

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 18, 2025 ↗

marketplaces. These customers may be adversely affected by economic conditions, geopolitical instability, foreign

Read in the 10-K filed May 22, 2026 ↗

business is subject to interruption from events such as extreme weather, power shortages, pandemics, war, political

Read in the 10-K filed May 22, 2026 ↗

and geopolitical conditions that could materially increase our costs, disrupt our global supply chain, and

Read in the 10-K filed May 22, 2026 ↗

disease outbreaks, natural disasters, and other regulatory, environmental, and geopolitical developments.

Read in the 10-K filed May 22, 2026 ↗

Global geopolitical developments, including armed conflicts, escalating global tensions, and related disruptions,

Read in the 10-K filed May 22, 2026 ↗

cyberwarfare in connection with the conflicts in Ukraine, the Middle East or elsewhere, or other future conflicts, including potential proliferation of malware into systems unrelated to such conflicts. Any future breach of our operations or those of others in the Solana industry, including third-party services on which we rely, could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 30, 2026 ↗

negative publicity, media or social media coverage, or sentiment due to events in or relating to, or perception of, bitcoin, Cronos or the broader digital assets industry, including, for example, (i) public perception that bitcoin can be used as a vehicle to circumvent sanctions, including sanctions imposed on Russia or certain regions related to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, or to fund criminal or terrorist activities, such as the purported use of digital assets by Hamas to fund its terrorist attack against Israel in October 2023; (ii), expected or pending civil, criminal, regulatory enforcement or other high-profile actions against major participants in the bitcoin ecosystem, including the SEC’s previous enforcement action against Binance Holdings Ltd.; (iii) additional filings for bankruptcy protection or bankruptcy proceedings of major digital asset industry participants, such as the bankruptcy proceeding of FTX Trading and its affiliates; (iv) the actual or perceived environmental impact of bitcoin and related activities, including environmental concerns raised by private individuals, governmental and non-governmental organizations, and other actors related to the energy resources consumed in the bitcoin mining process; and (v) activities relating to other cryptocurrencies, including “meme coins”;

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

changes in national and international economic and political conditions, including, without limitation, federal government policies, trade tariffs and trade disputes, and the adverse impacts attributable to global conflicts including those between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

In addition, there has been increasing focus on the extent to which digital assets can be used to launder the proceeds of illegal activities, fund criminal or terrorist activities, or circumvent sanctions regimes, including those sanctions imposed in response to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. While we have implemented and maintain policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote compliance with applicable anti-money laundering and sanctions laws and regulations and take care to only acquire our bitcoin through entities subject to anti-money laundering regulation and related compliance rules in the United States, if we are found to have purchased any of our bitcoin from bad actors that have used bitcoin to launder money or persons subject to sanctions, we may be subject to regulatory proceedings and any further transactions or dealings in bitcoin by us may be restricted or prohibited.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

Additionally, central banks in some countries have started to introduce digital forms of legal tender. For example, China’s central bank digital currency (“CBDC”) project was made available to consumers in January 2022, and governments including Japan, the United Kingdom and the European Union have been discussing the potential creation of new CBDCs. Further, some countries, such as Sweden, Norway and Israel, are exploring cross-border interoperability of retail CBDCs. Whether or not they incorporate blockchain or similar technology, CBDCs, as legal tender in the issuing jurisdiction, could also compete with, or replace, bitcoin and other digital assets as a medium of exchange or store of value. As a result, the emergence or growth of these or other digital assets could cause the market price of bitcoin and Cronos to decrease, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

Attacks upon systems across a variety of industries, including industries related to digital assets, are increasing in frequency, persistence, and sophistication, and, in many cases, are being conducted by sophisticated, well-funded and organized groups and individuals, including state actors. Emerging risks, such as AI-driven cyberattacks and the potential for quantum computing, could introduce new vulnerabilities in our systems, potentially rendering traditional cryptographic techniques less effective and exposing us to more sophisticated forms of cyberattacks. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized, improper or illegal access to systems and information (including personal data and digital assets), disable or degrade services, or sabotage systems are constantly evolving, may be difficult to detect quickly, and often are not recognized or detected until after they have been launched against a target. Novel methods, such as those utilizing AI or quantum computing, may be even more difficult to detect and defend against. These attacks may occur on our systems or those of our third-party service providers or partners. We may experience breaches of our security measures due to human error, malfeasance, insider threats, system errors or vulnerabilities or other irregularities. In particular, unauthorized parties have attempted, and we expect that they will continue to attempt, to gain access to our systems and facilities, as well as those of our partners and third-party service providers, through various means, such as hacking, social engineering, phishing and fraud. Threats can come from a variety of sources, including criminal hackers, hacktivists, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage, and insiders. In addition, certain types of attacks could harm us even if our systems are left undisturbed. For example, certain threats are designed to remain dormant or undetectable, sometimes for extended periods of time, or until launched against a target and we may not be able to implement adequate preventative measures. Further, there has been an increase in such activities due to the increase in work-from-home arrangements since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The risk of cyberattacks could also be increased by cyberwarfare in connection with geopolitical conflicts, such as the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, including potential proliferation of malware into systems unrelated to such conflicts. As of the date of this Annual Report, neither we nor any of our service providers has experienced a security breach or cyberattack that has materially impacted our digital asset holdings, financial condition or operating results; however, any future breach of our operations or those of our service providers or others in the digital asset industry could materially and adversely affect our business.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

Following the TAE Merger, the market price of the combined company’s common stock may be volatile due to factors beyond the combined company’s operating performance, including changes in analyst recommendations or earnings estimates regarding the combined company or its peers; actual or anticipated fluctuations in operating results; reactions to public announcements; strategic actions by the combined company or its competitors, such as acquisitions, divestitures or restructurings; failure to achieve perceived merger benefits, including anticipated synergies, on the expected timeline; adverse macroeconomic or geopolitical conditions, including war or terrorism and responses to such events; and sales of the combined company’s common stock by members of its management team or significant stockholders. Any of these factors could cause the price of the combined company’s common stock to decline, potentially significantly.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

Geopolitical events may impact our operations and financial results. For example, the impact of the United Kingdom exiting the European Union on European Union-United Kingdom political, trade, economic and diplomatic relations continues to be uncertain and such impact may not be fully realized for several years or more. Continued uncertainty and friction may result in regulatory, operational, and cost challenges to our United Kingdom and international operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 13, 2026 ↗

Our business model is dependent upon consumer engagement and spending, which is difficult to predict and which can vary materially due to many factors, including macroeconomic conditions (such as job losses, inflation, changes in tax liabilities, access to credit, changes in global trade and tariff policies, recessionary fears, general economic uncertainty, and changes in consumer confidence); geopolitical events and events that capture public attention (such as war, the threat of war, social or political unrest, or terrorist activity); natural and human caused disasters and the impact of climate change (such as earthquakes, hurricanes, droughts, flooding, wildfires, sea level rise, and increased energy and shipping costs); power shortages or outages; major public health issues and pandemics; seasonal and potentially non-durable buying and selling trends; general shifts in the cultural appetite for re-commerce; our promotional and marketing campaigns; and new technologies (such as live commerce and AI shopping agents). For example, we saw significant changes to consumer spending throughout 2025 as our users around the world adjusted to changing global trade policies and tariffs. In addition, over the years, we have experienced numerous non-durable spikes in demand as buyers chase the latest popular items. We rely on unique inventory from our sellers from around the globe to generate buyer interest in our platforms and any of the foregoing factors can also impact the amount of inventory sellers make available on our platforms, which can materially and negatively impact buyer spending.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 19, 2026 ↗

•global or regional geopolitical events, including political or social unrest, economic instability, repression, human rights, armed conflicts, acts of war (or the threat thereof), and terrorism;

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 19, 2026 ↗

The global economic environment continues to be impacted by fiscal or monetary policies; uncertainty concerning the future path of interest rates; the effect of social, economic and political conditions and geopolitical events, supply chain disruptions; the implementation of tariffs and other protectionist trade policies; and the possibility of a recession, government shutdowns, debt ceilings and funding. Ongoing global economic uncertainties and evolving market conditions may affect our results of operations, financial condition and capital resources.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 26, 2026 ↗

Geopolitical events and political tensions contribute to an already complex landscape, and could have a negative effect on our global business operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 11, 2026 ↗

Geopolitical events, including trade tensions between the U.S. and other countries, the war between Russia and Ukraine, and ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, could negatively affect our global operations, and their future impact remains unpredictable. In addition, uncertainty surrounding the legality, enforceability, and interpretation of U.S. and international laws, executive actions, regulatory frameworks, and enforcement priorities could result in compliance challenges, significant penalties, operational restrictions, reputational harm, or adverse effects on our business and results of operations. Periodic risks of a U.S. government shutdown could further disrupt economic conditions. Moreover, actual or proposed U.S. tariffs and potential counter tariffs may increase costs and disrupt our supply chain, with their scope and duration dependent on evolving negotiations and exemptions, making their impact difficult to predict. Our inability to effectively manage these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and the price of our common stock.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 11, 2026 ↗

We also depend on third-party suppliers for power and natural gas. Factors such as inflation, tariffs, geopolitical conflicts, rising energy demand, supply costs, and public policy charges contribute to high customer bills in New England. In extreme cases, ISO-NE may require load shed if regional power capacity is insufficient. High customer bills or failure to meet energy needs could reduce customer satisfaction adversely affecting our business, reputation, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 17, 2026 ↗

We are exposed to geopolitical, economic and other risks that arise from uncertainty in worldwide and regional economic conditions.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 26, 2026 ↗

Operating globally subjects Eaton to various risks, including, but not limited to, economic and political instability, including war or armed conflict, changes in government policies, expropriation, nationalization, and other political, economic, or social developments; complex and continually changing government laws, regulations and policies; increased tariffs, trade barriers, trade agreements, and other restrictions on international trade; trade laws and trade treaties that impact our effective tax rate; supply chain disruptions, including, as a result of natural disasters, transportation disruptions, and geopolitical events; currency fluctuations, which can affect the value of our foreign currency revenues, expenses, and cash flows; inadequate intellectual property protections in foreign jurisdictions that could result in the unauthorized use or infringement of our intellectual property; adverse consumer sentiment for non-local products; and local labor market conditions. The occurrence of one or more of these events has, from time to time, impacted, and may in the future impact, our business in a variety of ways, including reducing demand for our products, increasing costs, limiting our ability to operate in certain jurisdictions, disrupting our ability to deliver products to customers on time and at competitive prices, subjecting us to fines, penalties, and sanctions, harming our competitive position, devaluation of assets, and impacting our financials.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 26, 2026 ↗

geo-political regional conflicts, terrorist activity, political unrest, civil strife, acts of war, government shutdowns, product

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 11, 2026 ↗

and digital asset markets may be negatively affected by the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and within the Middle

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 11, 2026 ↗

potentially located in Iran, Syria, Sudan, and the Crimea region of Ukraine, as well as the provision of customer support to

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 11, 2026 ↗

Market & Competitive Disruption: Entering new markets or partnering with entities that face different competitive pressures, geopolitical instability, or shifts in consumer behavior, increasing complexity in our business;

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 13, 2026 ↗

Moreover, given the nature of our business and our global operations, political, economic, and other conditions in foreign countries and regions, including international taxes, government-to-government relations, the typically more volatile economies of emerging markets, and geopolitical risks such as the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, the United States and Iran, and other

Read in the 10-K filed Jul 20, 2026 ↗

BRICS countries are working to reduce their reliance on the U.S. dollar and Western financial infrastructure due to sanctions, wars, and tariffs. BRICS is an international organization currently comprised of 11 countries, including Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Iran. Intelligence sources, along with peer assessments and other observers, suggest that cyber actors from some of the BRICS countries may conduct attacks on payment infrastructure, including third-party fintech services, to undermine trust in the Western financial infrastructure.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 24, 2026 ↗

Demand for our cloud and power infrastructure solutions also depends on our customers and third-party data center operators securing sufficient and reliable electrical power and water at acceptable costs and within required timelines. The development and expansion of data center capacity is power-intensive and requires significant water resources for cooling, and both power and water availability have become critical factors in determining deployment speed and location for our customers. Limitations on power generation, transmission, and distribution capacity, utility interconnection lead times, planned and unplanned outages, curtailments, and volatility in energy markets can delay the energization of customer facilities, restrict available capacity, increase operating costs, and materially affect project economics and our customers’ ability to deploy our products. Similarly, water scarcity, drought conditions, competing demands for water resources, and regulatory restrictions on water use may constrain data center cooling capacity, limit site selection, increase operating costs, or delay project timelines. In several markets, regulators and local authorities have imposed or are considering restrictions on data center power and water consumption, requirements for operators to fund grid upgrades, and other conditions that may delay or increase the cost of power and water procurement. Public utility capacity constraints, broader grid reliability events, and inflationary or geopolitical pressures on energy prices may further increase volatility and uncertainty for our customers.

Read in the 10-K filed May 20, 2026 ↗

Certain components that we use are sourced from a limited number of suppliers, and in some cases from a single supplier, which increases the risk that regulatory actions, geopolitical developments, trade restrictions or other events affecting those suppliers could disrupt our supply chain. In addition, certain of our customers direct or require us to purchase components, materials, or subsystems from specified suppliers. In some cases, these customer-directed suppliers may be sole sources for the required components or may be geographically concentrated. We may have limited ability to qualify alternative suppliers or pass through cost increases for customer-specified components. If a customer-directed supplier experiences supply disruptions, quality issues, financial distress, or other problems, we could be unable to meet our customer's requirements and could be exposed to warranty claims, contract penalties, or liability, even if the underlying issue was attributable to the customer-directed supplier. Our customers may not agree to share responsibility for these supply chain risks, and we may bear a disproportionate share of the exposure.

Read in the 10-K filed May 20, 2026 ↗

If the planned spin-off occurs, Flex and the separated company will each be smaller, less diversified companies with more concentrated areas of focus. As a result, Flex and the separated company may become more vulnerable to changing macroeconomic and market conditions and to the impact of geopolitical conflicts, international trade disputes, or global economic instability on their operations, supply chains, or financial condition; the results of operations, cash flows, effective tax rate, and other financial and operating metrics of each company may be subject to increased volatility; and the ability of each company to fund capital expenditures and investments, pay dividends, and service debt may be diminished. To the extent challenges related to the planned spin-off adversely affect our business, they may also have the effect of heightening other risks disclosed in this Annual Report, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and the price of our ordinary shares.

Read in the 10-K filed May 20, 2026 ↗

Our business relies on the availability of financing. The capital markets have in the past experienced and may continue to experience extreme volatility or disruptions that may lead to uncertainty and liquidity issues for both borrowers and investors. Any decline in our credit rating may make it more expensive for us to raise additional capital in the future on terms that are acceptable to us, if at all, negatively impact the price of our ordinary shares, increase our interest payments under some of our existing debt agreements, and have other negative implications on our business. A variety of factors beyond our control could impact the availability or cost of capital, such as domestic or international economic conditions, geopolitical uncertainty, tariffs or trade restrictions, increases in key benchmark interest rates and credit spreads, changes in banking or capital market laws or regulations, and volatility in capital and financial markets. We are also exposed to interest rate risk on our variable rate debt, invested cash balances, and factoring activities.

Read in the 10-K filed May 20, 2026 ↗

Because we operate in the Americas, Asia, and Europe, we are subject to economic, political, regulatory, and social risks in the countries in which we operate, including currency fluctuations and exchange controls; labor unrest, labor shortages, and rising labor costs; longer payment cycles; inflationary pressures; changes in tax, customs, and regulatory regimes; trade restrictions and sanctions; supply chain disruptions; geopolitical instability and conflict; natural disasters; epidemics and pandemics; expropriation of private enterprises; and limitations on infrastructure, including power, water, transportation, and availability of raw materials and components.

Read in the 10-K filed May 20, 2026 ↗

Changes in U.S. and foreign government policies, including those relating to trade, sanctions, information security, data privacy, national security, and foreign investment, may affect the attractiveness of our services to customers and our ability to conduct business with certain customers or suppliers. We have significant operations in China, which have been, and could continue to be, affected by evolving laws, regulations, and geopolitical developments involving China. We could be subject to reputational harm if any of our customers, former customers or vendors were subject to U.S. sanctions or did business with sanctioned entities or countries or otherwise violated applicable sanctions or export control laws. Furthermore, regional conflicts, including the conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, including the conflict in Israel and recent U.S. military operations in Iran, and tension between China and Taiwan, could result in sanctions, regional market instability, increased energy and transportation costs, supply chain disruptions, and other adverse regional and global financial and economic conditions, any of which can impact the demand for, or our ability to sell, our products and services in the impacted regions. Escalation of hostilities involving Iran, Israel, and the United States or regional proxy groups could adversely affect regional stability, threaten critical infrastructure such as data centers, impair access to ports and transportation routes including the Strait of Hormuz, and increase fuel, energy, freight, insurance, and security costs. In addition, expanded sanctions, export controls, or other governmental measures affecting the region could impair our ability to conduct business, collect receivables, or repatriate funds. In particular, geopolitical changes in China-Taiwan relations could disrupt the operations of several companies in Taiwan that are critical to the global supply of semiconductors and other electronic components on which many of our customers depend, and any escalation of tensions could materially affect our supply chain and operations.

Read in the 10-K filed May 20, 2026 ↗

based in the United States or Israel, including us and certain of our competitors. The continuing effect of any or all of these events could adversely impact demand for our products, harm our operations and weaken our financial results.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

Attacks upon systems across a variety of industries, including industries related to Solana, are increasing in frequency, persistence, and sophistication, and, in many cases, are being conducted by sophisticated, well-organized groups and individuals, including state actors. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized, improper or illegal access to systems and information (including personal data and digital assets), disable or degrade services, or sabotage systems are constantly evolving, may be difficult to detect quickly, and often are not recognized or detected until after they have been launched against a target. These attacks may occur on our systems or those of our third-party service providers or partners. We may experience breaches of our security measures due to human error, malfeasance, insider threats, system errors or vulnerabilities or other irregularities. In particular, we expect that unauthorized parties will attempt to gain access to our systems and facilities, as well as those of our partners and third-party service providers, through various means, such as hacking, social engineering, phishing and fraud. Threats can come from a variety of sources, including criminal hackers, hacktivists, state intrusions, industrial espionage, and insiders. In addition, certain types of attacks could harm us even if our systems are left undisturbed. For example, certain threats are designed to remain dormant or undetectable, sometimes for extended periods of time, or until launched against a target and we may not be able to implement adequate preventative measures. The risk of cyberattacks could also be increased by cyberwarfare in connection with the ongoing Russia and Israel conflicts, or other future conflicts, including potential proliferation of malware into systems unrelated to such conflicts. Any future breach of our operations or those of others in the Solana industry, including third-party services on which we rely, could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 11, 2025 ↗

•Our business is subject to the effects of global geopolitical and economic instability and public health crises.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 4, 2026 ↗

materials, parts, components, and subsystems. Our globally distributed supply chains are subject to economic and geopolitical dynamics,

Read in the 10-K filed Jan 29, 2026 ↗

spikes, cyber-related attacks, or decreased availability of materials and commodities arising from war or other hostilities, natural disasters,

Read in the 10-K filed Jan 29, 2026 ↗

regulatory frameworks, inconsistent and aggressive enforcement, and heightened exposure to geopolitical and economic volatility, which

Read in the 10-K filed Jan 29, 2026 ↗

damage infrastructure and delay transportation to project sites. The broader consequences of geopolitical and terrorism threats, which may

Read in the 10-K filed Jan 29, 2026 ↗

economic instability and geopolitical shifts, and the extent of any such threats effect our business and results of operations as well as the

Read in the 10-K filed Jan 29, 2026 ↗

global economy, cannot be predicted. Geopolitical conflicts also contribute to volatility in financial markets, energy costs, and commodity

Read in the 10-K filed Jan 29, 2026 ↗

A significant portion of the raw materials and intermediates in the manufacturing of our products and product candidates are supplied by third-party suppliers, manufacturers and corporate partners outside of the U.S. As a result, any geopolitical or economic factors in a specific country or region, including any new, or changes in or interpretations of existing law, trade regulations, or compliance requirements (such as the recently enacted BIOSECURE Act) or tax that would limit or prevent third parties outside of the U.S. from supplying these materials could adversely affect our ability to manufacture and supply our products to meet market needs and have a material and adverse effect on our operating results. Such factors may also negatively impact our ability to supply our clinical trials and commercial product, which may result in the delay of our clinical trials and regulatory submissions, and could lead to regulatory delays, increased costs, and/or lost revenue.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 24, 2026 ↗

by such countries), pandemics, war (including sanctions imposed on Russia for its invasion of Ukraine), and changes in governmental

Read in the 10-K filed Jul 1, 2026 ↗

war, governmental restrictions or mandates, labor shortages, strikes, import/export restrictions, or other factors could impair our ability

Read in the 10-K filed Jul 1, 2026 ↗

We conduct most of our business with the U.S. Government, primarily the Department. Substantially all of our revenues in 2025 was derived from products and services sold to the U.S. Government. We expect this to continue for the foreseeable future. Our U.S. Government contracts are subject to various risks. We cannot predict the impact on our existing or future contracts due to changes in the global geopolitical and economic environment, including inflationary pressures, defense spending levels and priorities, government efficiency and other budgetary priorities, customer procurement practices and processes, and other factors that may impact our customer’s short- and long-term plans and priorities or our ability to compete, capture, and perform successfully on such contracts. Any of these factors could materially adversely affect our business with the U.S. Government and our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 5, 2026 ↗

In addition, the Company and each of its businesses has been, and may continue to be, negatively affected by global macroeconomic conditions, including the impacts of inflation, high interest rates, supply chain and labor disruptions, unemployment rates, geopolitical instability and regional conflicts, the adoption and expansion of, and other changes to, trade restrictions and tariffs, quotas, embargoes, and other related actions, and the occurrence or threat of a trade war or other governmental action related to tariffs or trade agreements or policies. Such factors could adversely impact, demand for our products, our costs, our customers, our suppliers, and the world and U.S. economies. The impact of such factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows, and financial condition.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 17, 2026 ↗

•changes in domestic or global business or macroeconomic conditions, including as a result of tariffs and trade policy shifts, geopolitical conflicts, banking instability, or responses to these events; and

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 18, 2026 ↗

•Uncertainty and fluctuations in geopolitical and macroeconomic conditions may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 18, 2025 ↗

•Supply Chain Disruption. Any disruptions to our supply chain, significant increase in component costs or logistics costs, or shortages of critical components, could decrease our sales, earnings, and liquidity or otherwise adversely affect our business and result in increased costs. Disruptions could occur as a result of any number of events, including, but not limited to: an extended closure of, or any slowdown at our suppliers' plants or shipping delays; market shortages due to the surge in demand from other purchasers for critical components; increases in prices (including fuel prices and increases in prices due to inflation); the imposition of regulations, quotas, embargoes, or tariffs on components; labor stoppages; transportation delays, including due to labor strikes; third-party interference in the integrity of the products sourced through the supply chain; cyberattacks; the unavailability of raw materials; severe weather conditions and adverse effects of climate change, or natural disasters; geopolitical developments, war or terrorism; and disruptions in utilities and other services, some of which we have experienced. In addition, the development, licensing, or acquisition of new products in the future may increase the complexity of supply chain management. Failure to effectively manage the supply of components and products would adversely affect our business. Our ongoing efforts to geographically diversify and optimize the efficiency of our supply chain could cause supply disruptions and be more expensive, time-consuming, and resource-intensive than expected, and such impacts may be more pronounced as a result of increased tariffs between the U.S. and its trading partners. In this environment of heightened trade restrictions, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, cost increases from certain of our suppliers that result in price increases for some of our offerings and could subsequently limit demand for such offerings. If we are unable to pass on all or some of such cost increases to our customers, such increased prices may reduce our current margins and future margins. Furthermore, certain of our suppliers have discontinued conducting business with us or failed to perform under their contracts with us.

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 18, 2025 ↗

In the ordinary course of business, we store sensitive data, including intellectual property, personal data, our proprietary business information and that of our employees, contractors, customers, vendors, partners, suppliers, and other third parties with whom we do business. In addition, we store sensitive data through cloud-based services that may be hosted by third parties and in data center infrastructure maintained by third parties. We have been, and expect to be, subject to cyberattacks and other attempted intrusions into our networks and systems by a wide range of actors, including, but not limited to, nation state actors, criminal enterprises, terrorist organizations, and other organizations or individuals, as well as errors, wrongful conduct or malfeasance by employees and third-party service providers, (collectively, “malicious parties”) who have at times been able to circumvent or bypass our cyber security measures. Geopolitical tensions or conflicts may also heighten the risk of such cyberattacks or exacerbate system vulnerabilities, considering our continued hybrid work environment and our globally dispersed operations, employees, contractors, suppliers, developers, partners, and other third parties.

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 18, 2025 ↗

Uncertainty and fluctuations in geopolitical and macroeconomic conditions may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 18, 2025 ↗

In addition, there has been increasing focus on the extent to which digital assets can be used to launder the proceeds of illegal activities, fund criminal or terrorist activities, or circumvent sanctions regimes, including those sanctions imposed in response to the ongoing conflict in the Middle East. While we have implemented or intend to implement and maintain policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote compliance with applicable anti-money laundering and sanctions laws and regulations and take care to only acquire our Solana through entities subject to anti-money laundering regulation and related compliance rules in the United States, if we are found to have purchased any of our Solana from bad actors that have used Solana to launder money or persons subject to sanctions, we may be subject to regulatory proceedings and any further transactions or dealings in Solana by us may be restricted or prohibited.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 31, 2026 ↗

trade secrets and our Solana (collectively, sensitive information). Cyber-attacks, malicious internet-based activity, online and offline fraud, and other similar activities threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our sensitive information and information technology systems, and those of the third parties with whom we work. Such threats are prevalent and continue to rise, are increasingly difficult to detect, and come from a variety of sources, including traditional computer “hackers,” threat actors, “hacktivists,” organized criminal threat actors, personnel (such as through theft or misuse), sophisticated nation states, and nation-state-supported actors. Some actors now engage and are expected to continue to engage in cyber-attacks, including without limitation nation-state actors for geopolitical reasons and in conjunction with military conflicts and defense activities. During times of war and other major conflicts, we, the third parties with whom we work, and our customers may be vulnerable to a heightened risk of these attacks, including retaliatory cyber-attacks, that could materially disrupt our business.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 31, 2026 ↗

Additionally, the U.S. Department of Justice issued a rule entitled the Preventing Access to U.S. Sensitive Personal Data and Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern or Covered Persons, which places additional restriction on certain data transactions involving countries of concern (e.g., China, Russia, Iran) and covered persons (i.e., individuals and entities who are designated as such by the U.S. Attorney General or considered “foreign persons” and are majority owned by, organized under the laws of, a primary resident in, or a contractor of, a covered person or country of concern, as

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 31, 2026 ↗

Generally, global macroeconomic conditions remain uncertain, largely due to the effects of geopolitical conflicts in the Middle East, disruptions in the banking system and financial markets, high inflation, sustained high interest rates, and unpredictable trade policies, including U.S. tariffs imposed or threatened to be imposed, any retaliatory actions taken by other countries, and uncertainties regarding the ability to obtain refunds for previously paid tariffs that have subsequently been invalidated, customs regulations and other trade restrictions. Trade disputes, trade restrictions, tariffs and other geopolitical tensions between the U.S. and other countries may also exacerbate unfavorable macroeconomic conditions including inflationary pressures, foreign exchange volatility, financial market instability, and economic recessions or downturns, which may also negatively impact customer demand for our products or services, delay purchases or renewals, limit expansion opportunities with customers, limit our access to capital, or otherwise negatively impact our business and operations. Ongoing tariff, trade restrictions and macroeconomic uncertainty has and may continue to contribute to volatility in the price of our Class A common stock.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 31, 2026 ↗

changes in national and international economic and political conditions, including, without limitation, federal government policies, trade tariffs and trade disputes, and the adverse impacts attributable to global conflicts, including those between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 30, 2026 ↗

There has been increasing focus on the extent to which digital assets can be used to launder the proceeds of illegal activities, fund criminal or terrorist activities, or circumvent sanctions regimes, including those sanctions imposed in response to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. While we have implemented and maintain policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote compliance with applicable anti-money laundering and sanctions laws and regulations and take care to only acquire our HYPE and other digital assets through entities subject to anti-money laundering regulation and related compliance rules in the United States, if we are found to have purchased any of our HYPE or other digital assets from bad actors that have used HYPE or other digital assets to launder money or persons subject to sanctions, we may be subject to regulatory proceedings, and any further transactions or dealings in HYPE or other digital assets by us may be restricted or prohibited.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 30, 2026 ↗

During 2025, macroeconomic conditions, including changes in the interest rate environment, inflation, and increased market volatility, as well as changes in government policies implemented by new political administrations in the United States and in many other non-U.S. jurisdictions abroad, alongside other geopolitical events, such as the conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East and the events in Venezuela, and the imposition of sanctions and tariffs, contributed to continued economic and political uncertainty and volatility in global markets. Those factors resulted in a dynamic operating environment and impacted our operations and results. We expect that these impacts may continue in 2026. Moderately higher inflation levels returned in 2025, closely aligned with the imposition of tariffs. In 2025, many of the new political administrations, such as new governments in the U.S. and U.K., adopted domestic growth agendas and implemented new policies aimed at addressing escalating costs of living. Continued inflation resulted in central banks across multiple jurisdictions exercising caution in implementing interest rate reductions. For example, U.S. interest rates were held steady during the first half of the year, with only modest reductions in the second half. In 2026, if inflation and the cost of living continue to increase, central banks may continue to be hesitant to reduce interest rates, which could continue having an adverse effect on revenues for certain portions of our business.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 5, 2026 ↗

Many of our products are ingredients or components in consumer products which are sold to end-users throughout the world. Demand for such consumer products depends on consumer preferences that are driven by a variety of factors, such as the increasing use of weight management pharmaceutical products, increasing health and wellness awareness, greater transparency in product labeling, and changes in global, regional or local economic conditions (such as inflation, unemployment, salaries and wage rates stagnation, low growth rates, and impacts of supply disruptions, climate events, or geopolitical developments). At the same time, increased regulatory requirements, statements or questions around certain of our products, may result in changes in customer orders or delays in developing, manufacturing or marketing of new or existing products. Moreover, given that the timing or volumes in our customers’ orders are generally at our customers’ discretion, customers may cancel, reduce or postpone orders with us on relatively short notice.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

Our products depend on a wide range of raw materials sourced globally, such as essential or vegetable oils, botanical extracts, animal products, organic and petroleum-based chemicals. For certain materials, we rely on a limited number of suppliers or regions, making us vulnerable to shortages, delays, and price volatility. Tariffs and trade restrictions, sanctions, and geopolitical tensions (e.g., U.S.-China relations, Russia-Ukraine war, Middle East conflicts), as well as supply chain disruptions, along with energy price fluctuations, may further strain operations and margins. Environmental and climate-related events, including severe weather, droughts, floods, and water scarcity, can also impact crop yields, transportation, and energy costs, increasing sourcing challenges or prices of input costs.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

We operate and may pursue opportunities in jurisdictions such as China, India, Brazil, Russia, and certain African countries, which present elevated risks of fraud, corruption, and internal control challenges. In certain regions, compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. We periodically conduct internal investigations, compliance reviews, and control testing, and implement remedial actions as appropriate to help ensure compliance. Detecting, investigating, and resolving actual or alleged violations of anti-bribery laws is costly, time-consuming, and may divert senior management attention. Allegations of non-compliance could disrupt operations, damage relationships with third parties, and negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations. A determination that we violated such laws could result in severe civil or criminal penalties, significant fines, loss of licenses or permits, and reputational harm.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

▪The legislative, judicial or executive branches of the U.S. government could determine in the future that all or a portion of the transactions were unauthorized, void or voidable. While the U.S. Department of Commerce, or DOC, is contractually bound under the agreement, no other agency or branch of the U.S. government has made commitments to support, refrain from challenging or otherwise impeding the transaction. Legal challenges, administrative rulings, litigation by other parts of the U.S. government or third parties, or geopolitical developments could materially impair funding, alter obligations under our CHIPS Act agreements, or otherwise adversely affect the transactions and the benefits we expect to receive. In addition, enforcement against a government counterparty is inherently uncertain given the defenses available to the U.S. government.

Read in the 10-K filed Jan 23, 2026 ↗

Volatile and increasing energy prices, including as a consequence of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine as

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

well as heightened geopolitical tensions in regions such as the Middle East, China, and recent events in Venezuela,

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

geopolitical events, military conflicts, terrorism, port and canal blockages and similar disruptions, political, financial

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

monetary policies across major economies and adverse effects and uncertainty associated with current geopolitical

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

by these challenging macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions, including as the result of lower demand for certain

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

country, may include economic or political instability, geopolitical events, corruption, anti-American sentiment,

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

disruptions arising therefrom, including as the result of the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the conflict

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

in the Middle East, and increasing tensions between China and Taiwan. These risks may be further heightened in

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

disruptions resulting from geopolitical events, natural disasters, failures or impairments of telecommunications

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

Russia-Ukraine war and conflicts in the Middle East); shipping products during times of crisis or war; and other factors inherent in foreign operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 17, 2026 ↗

Moreover, the demand for our products and services from U.S. government agencies is generally driven by the level of discretionary government program funding. In 2025, our revenues with U.S. federal government agencies declined approximately $58 million year over year, primarily due to reductions in discretionary spending. Further significant reduction in federal government spending, the absence of an agreement on the federal government budget, a partial or full federal government shutdown or a change in budgetary priorities could reduce demand for our products and services, cancel or delay federal projects, result in the closure of federal facilities and significant personnel reductions and have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. As the current geopolitical environment remains unpredictable, we continue to monitor and evaluate the impact, both direct and indirect, of government actions that could adversely impact our business operations and financial performance.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 12, 2026 ↗

If consummated successfully, the JDE Peet's Acquisition would represent a significant transformation of our coffee business and will expand our operations to those geographies where JDE Peet's currently operates, including Russia, which represented 6% of consolidated revenue and 1% of total assets for JDE Peet's in both 2024 and 2023, as reported in their 2024 annual report. Upon completion of the JDE Peet's Acquisition, we would be subject to a variety of risks associated with JDE Peet's' business, in addition to those we already face in our current business. These risks include changes in consumer preferences, volatility in the prices of raw materials, consumer perceptions of the brands, competition in the retail market place, additional legal and regulatory regimes, and other risks. In addition, we will be exposed to risks inherent in operating in a significant number of geographies in which we have not operated or have been less present in the past, including countries that are experiencing significant unstable geopolitical conditions. These risks include, among others:

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 24, 2026 ↗

•tariffs, sanctions, such as those imposed in response to the Russia and Ukraine conflict, trade barriers, trade disputes, and other regulatory or contractual limitations on our ability to operate in new foreign markets;

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 24, 2026 ↗

•military conflicts, such as the Russia and Ukraine conflict, and other geopolitical issues.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 24, 2026 ↗

efficiencies and could impact our results of operations and stock price. Much of our outsourcing takes place in developing countries and, as a result, may be subject to heightened geopolitical uncertainty.

Read in the 10-K filed Dec 17, 2025 ↗

We are a global financial institution with operations, investors and investments located around the world. Geopolitical

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

investments. In addition, other geopolitical developments such as political instability, civil unrest, and national and

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

international security events (including the outbreak of war, military action, terrorist acts or other hostilities), can, and

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

geopolitical competition and conflicts, including the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine, instability in the Middle East,

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

heightened geopolitical competition between China and other major world economies, heightened levels of political populism

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East. We principally focus our capital markets activities on our funds and our portfolio companies,

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

which among other things, could be driven by economic, monetary, geopolitical or other factors. Further, if the operating

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

•global, regional and local events outside of our control, including geopolitical events, natural disasters, and

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

The threat of terrorism targeted at, or acts of war in, the regions of the world in which we do business increases the uncertainty in our markets. Any act of terrorism or war that affects the economy or the industries we serve could adversely affect our business. Increased international political instability or geopolitical tensions in various parts of the world, disruption in air transportation and further enhanced security measures as a result of terrorist attacks may hinder our ability to do business and may increase our costs of operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Aug 6, 2026 ↗

We maintain significant operations in Israel. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its Arab neighbors, and a state of hostility varying in degree and intensity has led to security and economic challenges for Israel. Persistent hostilities involving Iran and Iran-backed groups, including Hezbollah in Lebanon, the Houthis in Yemen and Hamas in the Gaza Strip, have involved missile strikes against civilian targets in various

Read in the 10-K filed Aug 6, 2026 ↗

parts of Israel and attacks on marine vessels traversing the Red Sea. The recent escalation of conflicts in the region has heightened instability, disrupted airspace, and increased freight and insurance costs. Disruptions in shipping routes in the Red Sea could result in delays in shipping our products to customers, which could delay the timing of revenue recognition and create uncertainty related to timeliness of shipments from the region. In addition, some of our employees in Israel are obligated to perform annual reserve duty in the Israel Defense Forces, and may be called to active military duty in emergency circumstances. The ongoing conflicts, including additional military actions, retaliatory measures, sanctions, cyberattacks, or other governmental or market responses, could lead to further disruption of global energy supplies, heighten inflationary pressures on our input costs, adversely affect global supply chains, commodity prices, currency exchange rates, financial markets and overall macroeconomic conditions. These developments could impact our ability to operate our business directly and indirectly through a similar impact on our suppliers and customers.

Read in the 10-K filed Aug 6, 2026 ↗

The war between Russia and Ukraine has negatively impacted, and may continue to negatively impact, our operations in Russia and the surrounding region. Consistent with the humanitarian nature of our products, we

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 12, 2026 ↗

Natural disasters (e.g., severe weather, fires, and earthquakes), geopolitical events (e.g., terrorism, war, and political instability), public health crises, criminal activity, supply chain disruptions, and other events beyond the Company’s control could negatively affect the Company’s operations. These disruptions may temporarily reduce testing volumes, delay study progress, hinder specimen transport, limit access to laboratories and IT systems, and interrupt supply deliveries. They may also affect customer operations, further decreasing demand. Prolonged disruptions caused by such events, especially in key operational locations, could harm the Company’s results of operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 24, 2026 ↗

We cannot predict the consequences of future geo-political events, but they may adversely affect the markets in which we operate, our ability to insure against risks, our operations or our profitability. Ongoing instability and current conflicts in global markets, including in Ukraine and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Asia, and the potential for other conflicts and future terrorist activities and geo-political events throughout the world have created and may continue to create economic and political uncertainties and impacts that could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and profitability. Geo-political events and changes in foreign policy could cause isolationism or increased implementation of local solutions by international customers, which could adversely affect demand for our products, systems, services or technologies. Uncertainty in financial and insurance markets may significantly increase the political, economic and social instability in the geographic areas in which we operate which could further impact demand.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 12, 2026 ↗

In recent years, global supply chains, including ours, have experienced significant disruption from material availability and supplier performance, as well as extended lead times, pricing volatility, inflationary pressures and labor issues. We and our subcontractors and suppliers have also experienced difficulties in the timely procurement of necessary materials and components, including microelectronics. Current geopolitical conditions, including sanctions and other trade restrictive activities and strained inter-country relations, have contributed to issues procuring necessary materials and components. For example, some materials and components in our supply chain have previously been sourced from areas now under sanctions or other trade restrictions, such as specialty metals from Russia and certain equipment from China, or are currently sourced from areas which are at risk of sanctions or other trade restrictive actions, not just by the United States but by other nations or groups, such as the European Union.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 12, 2026 ↗

Our ability to obtain necessary licenses and authorizations is subject to risks and uncertainties, including changing U.S. Government policies or laws or delays in Congressional action due to several factors, including geopolitical and national security considerations. We may be unsuccessful in obtaining necessary licenses or authorizations or Congress may prevent or delay certain sales. If we are not successful in obtaining or maintaining the necessary licenses or authorizations in a timely manner, our transactions relating to those approvals may be reversed, prevented or delayed, and any significant impairment of our ability to sell products or technologies outside of the U.S. could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and equity.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 12, 2026 ↗

adequate preventative measures. Further, there has been an increase in such activities due to the increase in work-from-home arrangements. The risk of cyberattacks could also be increased by cyberwarfare in connection with the ongoing Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas conflicts, or other future conflicts, including potential proliferation of malware into systems unrelated to such conflicts. Any future breach of our operations or those of others in the Litecoin industry, including third-party services on which we rely, could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Sep 28, 2026 ↗

Significant portions of our business are conducted in Europe, Asia, and other international geographies. Our global operations and complex supply chain expose us to legislation and regulatory action in or regarding foreign jurisdictions as well as geopolitical and other cross-border risks. Trade and other global disputes, interruptions, and developments, including those related to tariffs, trade protection measures, import or export licensing requirements or disagreements with authorities regarding tariff classifications, transfer pricing, or valuations, the imposition of trade sanctions or similar restrictions by the U.S. or other governments, international tension and conflicts, as well as economic stagnation, cost inflation, strains on global transportation, manufacturing, and labor markets, and public health outbreaks, epidemics, or pandemics affect our ability to do business and, in some cases, result in financial, operational, legal, business, or reputational harm. Among other risks, the use of tariffs and other trade restrictions may increase costs, impact clinical trials or sales of our products, result in supply disruptions or delays, or otherwise complicate aspects of our business. In 2025, the U.S. and other countries imposed or reached alignment on new tariffs. In some cases, imposed tariffs have been paused but may come into effect quickly and unpredictably. While pharmaceuticals are exempt from certain of these tariffs, such exemptions may be terminated or may not apply to any future tariffs.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 12, 2026 ↗

In most international markets, we operate in an environment of government-mandated cost-containment programs. In some markets, including the EU, Japan, and China, governments have significant power as large single payors to regulate prices and access criteria or impose other means of cost control. Geopolitical and economic factors have in various cases exacerbated financial pressures on governments with single-payer or government funded healthcare systems, leading to increases in rebates, clawbacks, and other reforms to reimbursement systems, policies and programs. These and similar events have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, us, our business partners, and our customers. For more details, see Item 1, "Business—Regulations and Private Payer Actions Affecting Pharmaceutical Pricing, Reimbursement, and Access." Our arrangements with the U.S. government and broader U.S. policy efforts to align domestic pharmaceutical pricing with international benchmarks may further pressure international payers, and the outcome of competing U.S. and international pricing objectives is uncertain. See Item 1A, "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Our business is subject to government price controls and other public and private restrictions on pricing, reimbursement, and access for our drugs, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, reputation, or business."

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 12, 2026 ↗

Executive Orders. The President has issued multiple Executive Orders (EOs), including two that are intended to (i) simplify and accelerate the procurement process through an overhaul of the FAR and (ii) modernize the defense acquisition process by promoting commercial solutions, use of innovative acquisition authorities, and other existing streamlined processes. The Secretary of War recently released the Department’s Acquisition Transformation Strategy that is consistent with these EOs, and also aims to restructure the requirements process, funding authority, and reorganizes the Acquisition workforce. As part of this broader transformation, the U.S. Government is shifting its acquisition strategy toward longer‑term contract structures; some contracts that were previously negotiated on an annual basis may now be executed as a multi‑year procurement. We expect a revision to the DFARS in the next several months as well.

Read in the 10-K filed Jan 29, 2026 ↗

For example, the growth of AI technologies and related infrastructure has been and is expected to continue to be a significant driver of capital equipment expenditures of semiconductor manufacturers across both the memory and non-memory market segments we serve. However, customer decisions regarding the amount and timing of capital expenditures and the demand for our products and services could change rapidly and be impacted by factors outside of our control. These factors may include, without limitation: changes in actual or anticipated AI-driven demand for AI-related infrastructure or compute power to support AI models, tools, and other applications, including due to slower-than-anticipated adoption of AI technologies, increases in compute efficiency, or oversupply of AI-related infrastructure compute power; advances in fabrication processes, technology inflections or changes in technology architectures; new and emerging technologies or market drivers; actual or anticipated production capacity, utilization, and volumes of semiconductor manufacturers relative to demand for semiconductor devices; changes in end-user demand or behavior; the timing of or constraints on increases to AI-related infrastructure or semiconductor manufacturing capacity; the availability and cost of capital, including increases in interest rates or tightening in global capital markets; the availability and amount of government subsidies and incentives; the regulation of AI or related infrastructure technologies by government or other regulatory agencies; and geopolitical or macroeconomic instability, including wars, terrorism, political unrest, public health emergencies, inflation, recessionary conditions, trade restrictions, export controls, boycotts, and other business disruptions.

Read in the 10-K filed Aug 7, 2026 ↗

•the impact of stagnating or worsening business and economic conditions, including inflationary pressures, general economic slowdown or a recession, actual or anticipated changes in interest rates, reductions in government spending or other changes in monetary policy, or adverse financial or commodity markets activity or macroeconomic conditions, including as a result of geopolitical conflicts;

Read in the 10-K filed Aug 7, 2026 ↗

There is inherent risk that political, diplomatic and national security influences can lead to trade disputes, impacts and/or disruptions, in particular those affecting the semiconductor industry. This can adversely affect our business in China, Japan, Korea, and/or Taiwan and perhaps the entire Asia Pacific region or worldwide. A significant trade dispute, impact, and/or disruption in any area where we do business could have a materially adverse impact on our future results of operations and cash flows. For example, the conflict that began in February 2026 between the United States, Israel, a number of states in the Persian Gulf, and Iran has led to significant regional instability and disruption in the Middle East, including the closure of or restrictions on the Strait of Hormuz, threatened or actual attacks on vessels in the Red Sea, and threatened or actual attacks on transportation and energy infrastructure, which has significantly and adversely affected the supply and prices of oil, refined oil products and byproducts, liquid natural gas, as well as certain other industrial commodities, such as aluminum, helium, bromine, and sulfur. Some of these commodities are important to the semiconductor industry. As a result, this instability and disruption has adversely affected, and may in the future materially and adversely affect, our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The extent to which we may be affected by this conflict will depend on various factors, including the scope, severity, and duration of the conflict and the extent to which the conflict, or additional laws, sanctions, or trade restrictions arising from or related to the conflict, further disrupt the availability or cost of critical inputs used in the semiconductor industry. Continuation or escalation of this conflict may also magnify the impact of other risks identified in this 2026 Form 10-K.

Read in the 10-K filed Aug 7, 2026 ↗

•the impact of stagnating or worsening business and economic conditions, including inflationary pressures, general economic slowdown or a recession, actual or anticipated changes in interest rates, reductions in government spending or other changes in monetary policy, or adverse financial or commodity markets activity or macroeconomic conditions, including as a result of geopolitical conflicts;

Read in the 10-K filed Aug 7, 2026 ↗

Our performance depends on consumers’ willingness and ability to purchase discretionary products. That willingness can be affected by general economic conditions and uncertainty regarding the overall future environment, tariffs, inflation, changes in interest rates, foreign exchange fluctuations, energy and fuel costs, employment levels, consumer debt, housing market trends, commodity price volatility, and tax policy changes. Geopolitical instability, public health crises, and other macroeconomic events can also weaken consumer confidence. In 2025, we experienced lower store traffic in the Americas, partially reflective of inflationary pressures and economic uncertainty weighing on discretionary spending. Prolonged or worsening macroeconomic volatility could reduce demand, impair our ability to achieve growth targets, and materially impact our net revenue, margins, and cash flows.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 17, 2026 ↗

Global political and economic instability, including geopolitical conflicts and political polarization, could disrupt our operations and increase costs.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 17, 2026 ↗

be materially affected, resulting in increased costs and operational disruptions. In addition, heightened geopolitical tensions, including potential conflicts involving Taiwan or other regions where our suppliers are concentrated, could disrupt our supply of raw materials and finished goods. A significant portion of our technical fabrics originates from Taiwan, and any military conflict, trade embargo, or disruption affecting that region could materially impact our ability to source materials and fulfill customer orders. Political polarization in the United States has also led to increased consumer activism, brand boycotts, and public pressure campaigns targeting companies based on their perceived political or social positions. Whether or not we take public positions on social or political issues, we could face reputational harm, reduced consumer demand, or employee relations challenges if we are perceived as aligned or misaligned with particular viewpoints. These dynamics could adversely affect our brand, guest relationships, and results of operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 17, 2026 ↗

•impact of geopolitical instability in the Middle East on the availability of critical semiconductor materials, fuel costs, and our ability to meet customer demand;

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

Geopolitical instability in the Middle East may disrupt critical semiconductor materials, increase fuel costs, and adversely affect our ability to meet customer demand.

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

Geopolitical instability and conflicts in the Middle East, including military activity and escalating tensions involving Iran, create significant uncertainty for global markets, including energy and materials markets, and could adversely impact our operations and financial results. The region is a major source of global oil production and a critical transit point for maritime shipping routes. Hostilities, infrastructure damage, sanctions, or blockages of key shipping lanes could disrupt oil production and distribution, reducing the availability of fuel or increasing fuel prices. Recent armed conflicts have already forced key state sponsored fuel production facilities in the region offline, contributing to global fuel price volatility.

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

In addition to fuel‑related risks, current conflict in the Middle East is disrupting supplies of critical semiconductor materials - including helium and bromine, both essential for wafer fabrication processes. For example, Qatar accounts for more than one‑third of the world’s helium production, and recent Iranian drone strikes halted operations at major helium facilities. Additionally, bromine supplies are also at risk, as approximately two‑thirds of the global production originates from Israel and Jordan, and disruptions in the region could affect semiconductor etching, detection, and circuit‑formation processes.

Read in the 10-K filed May 21, 2026 ↗

Changes in the political conditions in markets in which we manufacture, sell or distribute our products, as well as changing geopolitical conditions, including conflicts, may be difficult to predict and may adversely affect our business and financial results. Results of elections, referendums, sanctions or other political processes and pressures in certain markets in which our products are manufactured, sold or distributed have created and could continue to create uncertainty regarding how existing governmental policies, laws and regulations may change, including with respect to sanctions, taxes, tariffs, import and export controls and the general movement of goods, materials, services, capital, data and people between countries.

Read in the 10-K filed Jan 22, 2026 ↗

Southeast Asia, in which we operate or are investing additional capabilities that are subject to higher potential threat of terrorist attacks or geopolitical conflicts.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 9, 2026 ↗

We may experience outages, disruptions, or capacity constraints if we fail to maintain and operate adequate infrastructure or secure the resources necessary to support it. Maintaining, securing, and operating our infrastructure requires that we maintain an Internet connectivity infrastructure and storage and compute capacity that is robust, resilient, and reliable within competitive, economic, and regulatory constraints that continue to evolve. The cost or availability of critical resources necessary to support our infrastructure, including power, networking supplies, servers, graphics processing units, and other components, could be adversely affected by a variety of factors, including supply chain and energy issues, evolving environmental or other regulations, and geopolitical disruptions.

Read in the 10-K filed Jul 29, 2026 ↗

decreased user and investor confidence in Bitcoin, including due to the various factors described herein; investment and trading activities, such as (i) trading activities of highly active retail and institutional users, speculators, miners and investors; (ii) actual or expected significant dispositions of Bitcoin by large holders, including the expected liquidation of digital assets associated with entities that have filed for bankruptcy protection and the transfer and sale of Bitcoins associated with significant hacks, seizures, or forfeitures; and (iii) actual or perceived manipulation of the spot or derivative markets for Bitcoin or spot Bitcoin ETPs; negative publicity, media or social media coverage, or sentiment due to events in or relating to, or perception of, Bitcoin or the broader digital assets industry, for example, (i) public perception that Bitcoin can be used as a vehicle to circumvent sanctions, including sanctions imposed on Russia or certain regions related to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, or to fund criminal or terrorist activities; (ii) expected or pending civil, criminal, regulatory enforcement or other high profile actions against major participants in the Bitcoin ecosystem; (iii) additional filings for bankruptcy protection or bankruptcy proceedings of major digital asset industry participants, such as the bankruptcy proceeding of FTX Trading Ltd. (“FTX Trading”) and its affiliates; and (iv) the actual or perceived environmental impact of Bitcoin and related activities, including environmental concerns raised by private individuals, governmental and non-governmental organizations, and other actors related to the energy resources consumed in the Bitcoin mining process; changes in consumer preferences and the perceived value or prospects of Bitcoin; competition from other digital assets that exhibit better speed, security, scalability, or energy efficiency, that feature other more favored characteristics, that are backed by governments, including the U.S. government, or reserves of fiat currencies, or that represent ownership or security interests in physical assets; since stablecoins are often used as a medium of exchange for Bitcoin purchases, a stablecoin’s substantial deviation from its intended peg or an unavailability of stablecoins may cause a decrease in the price of Bitcoin or adversely affect investor confidence in digital assets generally; developments relating to the Bitcoin protocol, including (i) changes to the Bitcoin protocol that impact its security, speed, scalability, usability, or value, such as changes to the cryptographic security protocol underpinning the Bitcoin blockchain, changes to the maximum number of Bitcoin outstanding, changes to the mutability of transactions, changes relating to the size of blockchain blocks, and similar changes, (ii) failures to make upgrades to the Bitcoin protocol to adapt to security, technological, legal or other challenges, and (iii) changes to the Bitcoin protocol that introduce software bugs, security risks or other elements that adversely affect Bitcoin; disruptions, failures, unavailability, or interruptions in service of trading venues for Bitcoin, such as, for example, the announcement by the digital asset exchange FTX Trading that it would freeze withdrawals and transfers from its accounts and subsequent filing for bankruptcy protection and the SEC enforcement action brought against Binance Holdings Ltd. (“Binance”), which was subsequently dismissed by the district court judge upon a joint request filed by the SEC and Binance on May 29, 2025;

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 30, 2026 ↗

the filing for bankruptcy protection by, liquidation of, or market concerns about the financial viability of digital asset custodians, exchanges, trading venues, lending platforms, investment funds, or other digital asset industry participants, such as the filing for bankruptcy protection by digital asset trading venues FTX Trading and BlockFi and digital asset lending platforms Celsius Network and Voyager Digital Holdings in prior years, and the prior exit of Binance from the U.S. market as part of its settlement with the Department of Justice and other federal regulatory agencies; regulatory, legislative, enforcement and judicial actions that adversely affect the price, ownership, transferability, trading volumes, legality or public perception of Bitcoin, or that adversely affect the operations of or otherwise prevent digital asset custodians, exchanges, trading venues, lending platforms or other digital assets industry participants from operating in a manner that allows them to continue to deliver services to the digital assets industry; further reductions in mining rewards of Bitcoin, including reductions due to block reward halving events, which are events that occur after a specific period of time that reduce the block reward earned by “miners” who validate Bitcoin transactions (the most recent reduction in mining rewards occurred in April 2024), which may cause a decline in support for the Bitcoin network; increases in the costs associated with Bitcoin mining, including increases in electricity costs and hardware and software used in mining, or new or enhanced regulation or taxation of Bitcoin mining, which could further increase the costs associated with Bitcoin mining, any of which may cause a decline in support for the Bitcoin network; transaction congestion and fees associated with processing transactions on the Bitcoin network; macroeconomic changes, such as changes in the level of interest rates and inflation, fiscal and monetary policies of governments, trade restrictions, and fiat currency devaluations; developments in mathematics or technology, including in digital computing, algebraic geometry and quantum computing, that could result in the cryptography used by the Bitcoin blockchain becoming insecure or ineffective; and changes in national and international economic and political conditions, including, without limitation, federal government policies, trade tariffs and trade disputes, the adverse impacts attributable to the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the economic sanctions adopted in response to the conflict, and the broadening of the Israel-Hamas conflict to other countries in the Middle East.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 30, 2026 ↗

Environmental, geopolitical, and operational factors may adversely affect our Bitcoin strategy.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 30, 2026 ↗

Bitcoin mining requires substantial electricity, and environmental concerns regarding Bitcoin’s carbon footprint have attracted regulatory and investor attention. ESG-mandated institutional investors may be restricted from investing in companies with significant Bitcoin holdings, reducing demand for our stock. The SEC has adopted climate-related disclosure requirements that may require reporting on environmental impacts of our Bitcoin holdings. Geopolitical developments and government actions could restrict our ability to hold, transfer, or transact in Bitcoin, or result in seizure or forfeiture of holdings. Law enforcement agencies have authority to seize Bitcoin associated with criminal activity, and although we implement compliance policies, there can be no assurance our Bitcoin will never be associated with illicit activity. Policy discussions regarding a U.S. Strategic Bitcoin Reserve could significantly affect Bitcoin markets and increase price volatility.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 30, 2026 ↗

Our business and financial performance may be adversely affected by unfavorable global economic conditions, including recession, inflation, deflation, rising interest rates, changes in fiscal or monetary policy, tightening of credit markets, geopolitical instability, and other macroeconomic factors. Economic downturns could negatively affect investor sentiment toward risk assets, including Bitcoin, potentially reducing the market price of our Bitcoin holdings and adversely affecting our financial condition. Additionally, adverse economic conditions could make it more difficult or expensive for us to obtain debt or equity financing, increase our borrowing costs, reduce the availability of credit, and limit our ability to execute our Bitcoin acquisition strategy. Unfavorable economic conditions could also affect the financial stability of our counterparties, including our custodians, trading partners, and lenders, increasing our exposure to counterparty risk. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 30, 2026 ↗

Operational Leverage: We incur high fixed costs—including venue rentals and security—long before revenue is recognized. If a major event underperforms in ticket sales or is canceled due to force majeure events (e.g., regulatory shifts or health crises), our operating results would be disproportionately harmed. Talent Dependency: Our events rely on high-profile Bitcoin developers, CEOs, and influencers. If these high-profile individuals fail to appear or lose their industry standing, it could lead to significant ticket refunds and the loss of future sponsorship interest. Fragmentation of Knowledge: If the Bitcoin industry decentralizes its knowledge-sharing to a degree where physical B2B gatherings are no longer required for business-to-business transactions, revenue from our events could decline. Geopolitical and Travel Restrictions: Our events draw an international audience of developers and miners. Changes in visa policies or “Proof-of-Work” bans in specific jurisdictions could prevent key exhibitors and attendees from participating, diminishing the event’s attendance and revenue.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 30, 2026 ↗

Additionally, we have been, and may continue to be, impacted by heightened regulations around customs and border control, travel bans to and from certain geographical areas, voluntary changes to our itineraries in light of geopolitical events, government policies increasing the difficulty of travel and limitations on issuing international travel visas.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 2, 2026 ↗

Individuals, groups of hackers and sophisticated organizations, including nation-states and nation-state-supported actors, and other threat actors have engaged and are expected to continue to engage in cyber-attacks. Additionally, some actors are using AI technology to launch more automated, targeted and coordinated attacks. Due to geopolitical conflicts

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

Factors that have caused and/or could in the future cause disruptions to our worldwide operations include: natural disasters, extreme weather conditions, power or water shortages, critical infrastructure failures, telecommunications failures, supplier disruptions, terrorist attacks, acts of violence, political and/or civil unrest, acts of war or other military

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

In July 2023, the USG also informed us of an additional licensing requirement for a subset of A100 and H100 products destined to certain customers and other regions, including some countries in the Middle East.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

The export controls applicable to China are complex and address a variety of parameters, including the total processing performance of a chip, the “performance density” of a chip, the interconnect bandwidth of a chip, and the memory bandwidth of a chip. Under the current rules and geopolitical landscape, we are unable to create and deliver a competitive product for China’s data center market that receives approval from both the USG and the Chinese government. As of the end of fiscal year 2026, we were effectively foreclosed from competing in China's data center computing/compute market, and our effective foreclosure from the China market helped our competitors build larger developer and customer ecosystems to challenge us worldwide. Unless we are able to return with a product that meets the approval of both the USG and the Chinese government, our lost opportunity and the benefit to our competitors will have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

Given the increasing strategic importance of AI and rising geopolitical tensions, the USG has changed and may again change the export control rules at any time and further subject a wider range of our products to export restrictions and licensing requirements, negatively impacting our business and financial results. In the event of such change, we may be unable to sell our inventory of such products and may be unable to develop replacement products not subject to the licensing requirements.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

•Acts of God, terrorism or war, and other factors beyond the control of our management.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

•Global economic (e.g., inflation, fluctuations in interest rates or foreign exchange rates, economic downturns or recessions), political and financial market conditions including as a result of geopolitical tensions and instability;

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

•Tariffs, trade disputes, geopolitical tensions and instability, and other macroeconomic developments;

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

require retrofits or other incremental capital expenditures, and physical damage to data centers or key energy infrastructure from natural disasters, geopolitical events, terrorist events or other catastrophic events could adversely affect our profitability.

Read in the 10-K filed Jun 22, 2026 ↗

•major catastrophic events and geopolitical or economic uncertainty around the world; or

Read in the 10-K filed Sep 10, 2026 ↗

Policy uncertainty regarding geoeconomic issues and geopolitical uncertainty more broadly are increasing factor considerations for market participants.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 18, 2026 ↗

The conflict in the Middle East could also adversely impact our financial results and operations due to, for example, volatility in global energy markets, supply chain disruptions, inflationary pressures or trade restrictions.

Read in the 10-K filed Aug 4, 2026 ↗

Our manufacturing operations depend on securing raw materials, equipment and other supplies in adequate quality and quantity in a timely manner from multiple suppliers, and in some cases, we rely on a limited number of suppliers, including in some cases sole suppliers, particularly in Asia. There may be cases where supplies of raw materials, equipment and other products are interrupted or limited by natural disaster, geopolitical conflict, accident or some other event affecting a supplier

Read in the 10-K filed Nov 4, 2026 ↗

Macroeconomic, political, and geopolitical conditions and governmental policies may adversely impact consumer confidence and spending and the businesses of our tenants and could, in turn, adversely impact our business.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 13, 2026 ↗

Our business, and the businesses of our tenants, are significantly influenced by overall economic conditions and consumer spending in the United States. A variety of macroeconomic, political, and geopolitical factors, driven in some cases by governmental policy decisions, individually or in the aggregate, could adversely affect the operating environment for retailers and service providers, including increasing the potential for a recession. These factors include federal budgetary and spending policies, actions taken by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "U.S. Federal Reserve"), inflationary pressures, changes in interest rates, energy price changes, labor availability and shortages (including those influenced by governmental immigration policies), supply chain disruptions, tightening credit markets, decreases in consumer confidence and discretionary spending, increases in unemployment and broader uncertainty in the macroeconomic outlook and capital markets.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 13, 2026 ↗

Instability in geopolitical matters could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. The macroeconomic environment in the United States is susceptible to global events and volatility in financial markets.. Current and emerging sources of geopolitical risk include, among others, ongoing armed conflicts and military tensions (such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and various conflicts in the Middle East), heightened strategic competition between the United States and China and evolving tensions related to relations between China and Taiwan. Political and military developments in Venezuela and broader instability in other parts of Latin America may contribute to economic uncertainty and pressures on regional markets and supply chains. Additionally, shifting geopolitical priorities among major powers have amplified concerns about economic fragmentation, trade disruptions and the weaponization of economic policy tools such as sanctions, tariffs and export controls.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 24, 2026 ↗

These dynamics can lead to higher and more volatile commodity and energy prices, strained global supply chains, increased inflationary pressures and weaker economic growth both globally and in the United States. Financial markets may experience abrupt swings in asset valuations, higher risk premiums and periods of reduced liquidity. Geopolitical events can also spur elevated cyber threats, including state-sponsored and opportunistic cyber-attacks aimed at critical infrastructures and financial systems. Such attacks could disrupt our operations, compromise sensitive data, increase compliance and remediation costs and harm customer relationships.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 24, 2026 ↗

Any of these developments, either alone or together, may dampen consumer and business confidence, increase delinquency rates, amplify credit risk across our loan portfolios, disrupt funding markets or necessitate additional capital or liquidity reserves. As a result, instability in geopolitical matters and the global macroeconomic environment could have significant adverse effects on the U.S. economy, our business and our long-term strategic plans.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 24, 2026 ↗

Global macroeconomic, geopolitical, and public health events and resulting supply chain issues could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 2, 2026 ↗

Our business may be adversely affected by global economic conditions, geopolitical developments and conflicts, shifts in governmental policy, trade restrictions, and public health events, including pandemics, epidemics, or other disease outbreaks. These events can contribute to port congestion, supplier shutdowns, logistics delays, and increased freight and transportation costs, all of which may result in higher expenses to procure and deploy new miners and acquire other critical materials needed for our expansion initiatives. We may also experience volatility and uncertainty in our supply chain resulting from recessions, inflation, tariffs, sanctions, and other restrictive actions by the United States or foreign governments, as well as broader social, political, and economic risks, including acts of war or regional instability. Changes in domestic or foreign policy priorities may further heighten such volatility.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 2, 2026 ↗

Miner manufacturers have been affected by constrained semiconductor supply—particularly shortages involving the highly specialized ASIC chips used in bitcoin miners—as well as increased labor costs and broader disruptions to global supply chains. These factors have contributed to higher prices for new miners and may continue to do so. Inflationary pressures, combined with supply chain challenges, have increased the cost of goods, services, and personnel, raising both our capital expenditures and operating costs. Until these global pressures ease, we expect to continue incurring elevated costs to obtain and deploy miners, and we may face difficulties securing the materials or pricing necessary to support our growth plans. Adverse macroeconomic, public health, or geopolitical developments may also reduce market confidence in Bitcoin, shift investor preferences toward less volatile assets, and impair our access to capital or other financial markets, potentially increasing our cost of capital. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, financial results, and the value of the bitcoin we mine.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 2, 2026 ↗

We continue to closely monitor potential impacts to RTX’s business, customers, suppliers, employees, and operations in Israel, the Middle East, and the region at large due to continued regional instability and tensions.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 6, 2026 ↗

Additionally, central banks in some countries have started to introduce digital forms of legal tender. For example, China’s CBDC project was made available to consumers in January 2022, and governments including the United Kingdom, the European Union, and Israel have been discussing the potential creation of new CBDCs. Whether or not they incorporate blockchain or similar technology, CBDCs, as legal tender in the issuing jurisdiction, could also compete with, or replace, ETH and other digital assets as a medium of exchange or store of value. As a result, the emergence or growth of these or other digital assets could cause the market price of ETH to decrease, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 9, 2026 ↗

decreased user and investor confidence in ETH, including due to the various factors described herein; investment and trading activities, such as (i) trading activities of highly active retail and institutional users, speculators, and investors; (ii) actual or expected significant dispositions of ETH by large holders, including the expected liquidation of digital assets associated with entities that have filed for bankruptcy protection and the transfer and sale of ETH associated with significant hacks, seizures, or forfeitures; and (iii) actual or perceived manipulation of the spot or derivative markets for ETH or spot ETH exchange-traded products (“ETPs”); negative publicity, media or social media coverage, or sentiment due to events in or relating to, or perception of, ETH or the broader digital assets industry, for example, (i) public perception that ETH can be used as a vehicle to circumvent sanctions, including sanctions imposed on Russia or certain regions related to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, or to fund criminal or terrorist activities, such as the purported use of digital assets by Hamas to fund its terrorist attack against Israel in October 2023; (ii) expected or pending civil, criminal, regulatory enforcement or other high profile actions against major participants in the ETH ecosystem; (iii) additional filings for bankruptcy protection or bankruptcy proceedings of major digital asset industry participants, such as the bankruptcy proceeding of FTX Trading and its affiliates; (iv) the actual or perceived environmental impact of ETH and related activities, including environmental concerns raised by private individuals, governmental and non-governmental organizations, and other actors related to the energy resources consumed in ETH related processes, and (v) changes in government regulations ; changes in consumer preferences and the perceived value or prospects of ETH; competition from other digital assets that exhibit better speed, security, scalability, or energy efficiency, that feature other more favored characteristics, that are backed by governments, including the U.S. government, or reserves of fiat currencies, or that represent ownership or security interests in physical assets; a decrease in the price of other digital assets, including stablecoins, or the crash or unavailability of stablecoins that are used as a medium of exchange for ETH purchase and sale transactions to the extent the decrease in the price of such other digital assets or the unavailability of such stablecoins may cause a decrease in the price of ETH or adversely affect investor confidence in digital assets generally; developments relating to the ETH protocol that may impact (i) its security, speed, scalability, usability, or value, (b) failures to upgrade the protocol to adapt to security, technological, legal or other challenges, and (iii) changes to the ETH protocol that introduce software bugs, security risks or other elements that adversely affect ETH; disruptions, failures, unavailability, or interruptions in service of trading venues for ETH; the filing for bankruptcy protection by, liquidation of, or market concerns about the financial viability of digital asset custodians, trading venues, lending platforms, investment funds, or other digital asset industry participants; regulatory, legislative, enforcement and judicial actions that adversely affect the price, ownership, transferability, trading volumes, legality or public perception of ETH, or that adversely affect the operations of or otherwise prevent digital asset custodians, trading venues, lending platforms or other digital assets industry participants from operating in a manner that allows them to continue to deliver services to the digital assets industry; reductions in staking rewards of ETH, or increases in the costs associated with ETH staking, including increases in electricity costs and hardware and software used in staking, or new or enhanced regulation or taxation of ETH staking, which could further increase the costs associated with ETH staking, any of which may cause a decline in support for the Ethereum protocol; transaction congestion and fees associated with processing transactions of ETH or lengthened periods to exit ETH staking or other delays to unstaking or withdrawing ETH from staking protocols; ETH staking exposes us to slashing risks, defined as a punitive mechanism built into the Ethereum network, designed to penalize validators and their delegators for misbehavior or failing to follow network rules, which could result in the loss of our staked ETH; macroeconomic changes, such as changes in the level of interest rates and inflation, fiscal and monetary policies of governments, trade restrictions, and fiat currency devaluations; and developments in mathematics or technology, including in digital computing, algebraic geometry and quantum computing, that could result in the cryptography used by the ETH blockchain becoming insecure or ineffective.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 9, 2026 ↗

Attacks upon systems across a variety of industries, including industries related to ETH, are increasing in frequency, persistence, and sophistication, and, in many cases, are being conducted by sophisticated, well-funded and organized groups and individuals, including state actors. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized, improper or illegal access to systems and information (including personal data and digital assets), disable or degrade services, or sabotage systems are constantly evolving, may be difficult to detect quickly, and often are not recognized or detected until after they have been launched against a target. These attacks may occur on our systems or those of our third-party service providers or partners. We may experience breaches of our security measures due to human error, malfeasance, insider threats, system errors or vulnerabilities or other irregularities. Threats can come from a variety of sources, including criminal hackers, hacktivists, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage, and insiders. In addition, certain types of attacks could harm us even if our systems are left undisturbed. For example, certain threats are designed to remain dormant or undetectable, sometimes for extended periods of time, or until launched against a target and we may not be able to implement adequate preventative measures. The risk of cyberattacks could also be increased by cyberwarfare in connection with the ongoing Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas conflicts, or other future conflicts, including potential proliferation of malware into systems unrelated to such conflicts. Any future breach of our operations or those of others in the ETH industry, including third-party services on which we rely, could materially and adversely affect our business.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 9, 2026 ↗

Cybersecurity incidents and cyberattacks have been occurring globally at a more frequent and severe level and will likely continue to increase in frequency in the future. The digital asset industry is a particular target for cybersecurity incidents, which may occur through intentional or unintentional acts by individuals or groups having authorized or unauthorized access to our systems or our clients’ or counterparties’ information, which may include confidential information. These individuals or groups include employees, vendors and customers, as well as hackers. The information and technology systems used by us and our service providers, and other third parties, are vulnerable to damage or interruption from, among other things: hacking, ransomware, malware and other computer viruses; denial of service attacks; network failures; computer and telecommunication failures; phishing attacks; infiltration by unauthorized persons; security breaches; usage errors by their respective professionals; power outages; terrorism; and catastrophic events such as fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes and earthquakes. It is difficult or impossible to defend against every risk being posed by changing technologies, as well as criminals’ intent to commit cybercrime, and these efforts may not be successful in anticipating, preventing, detecting or stopping attacks, or reacting in a timely manner. The increasing sophistication and resources of cybercriminals and other non-state threat actors and increased actions by nation-state actors make it difficult to keep up with new threats and could result in a breach of security. Such threats may see their frequency increased, and effectiveness enhanced, by the use of artificial intelligence. Further, cybersecurity risks may be heightened as a result of ongoing global conflicts such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict or the ongoing Israel-Hamas conflict. Additionally, we cannot guarantee that our insurance coverage would be sufficient to cover any such losses.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 9, 2026 ↗

We are subject to the rules enforced by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”), including prohibitions on conducting direct or indirect business with persons named on, or owned by persons named on, OFAC’s various sanctions lists, including the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons list (“SDN List”). We are also prohibited from direct or indirect dealings with persons located, organized, or resident in jurisdictions subject to comprehensive U.S. economic sanctions (as of today, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic, the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic, and the Crimea region of Ukraine), and may be prohibited from dealing with persons in other jurisdictions subject to targeted U.S. sanctions such as Venezuela, Russia, and Belarus.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 9, 2026 ↗

Various factors, events, or conditions may result in a diminution or erosion of trust in our brand value. Adverse developments pertaining to the matters discussed elsewhere in this risk factors section may negatively impact the value of our brands. Such developments may include difficulties executing strategic initiatives, adapting to shifting consumer preferences, or managing global operations, and challenges stemming from macroeconomic volatility, supply chain pressures and disruptions, or an evolving competitive, regulatory, social, and geopolitical landscape. The impact of such developments on the value of our brands may be exacerbated if they receive considerable publicity or if they result in litigation. The value of our brands may be affected by actual or perceived developments, whether isolated or recurring, whether the result of actions by us or our business partners or the result of external developments, and whether such developments are in our control. Negative commentary about Starbucks, even if inaccurate or malicious, has in the past, and could in the future, damage the value of our brand, and adverse impacts may be compounded by social media, video-sharing, and messaging platforms that could dramatically increase the speed with which negative publicity may be disseminated, often before we have a meaningful opportunity to investigate, respond to, and address an issue. In addition, we cannot ensure that our store partners, licensees, or other business partners will not act or refrain from acting in a manner that adversely affects the value and relevance of our brand. Because brand value is based in part on consumer perceptions on a variety of subjective qualities, it may be difficult to address developments negatively impacting the value of our brands in a timely and effective manner to mitigate harm.

Read in the 10-K filed Nov 14, 2025 ↗

We undertake these initiatives in the context of ongoing efforts to adapt to shifting consumer behaviors amid economic volatility, optimize our mix of licensed and company-operated stores, expand relevant product offerings across dayparts, and drive growth in cold beverages and Channel Development partnerships, while also advancing appropriate sustainability efforts, managing climate-related risks, and reducing operating costs. Risks to successful and timely implementation of these initiatives include delays or cancellations of store openings due to labor or material shortages, permit procurement issues, or lack of suitable real estate; supply chain scalability and sustainability challenges; underperformance or delays in product innovation; remodel disruptions or cost overruns; coordination and execution challenges; failure to realize cost savings; increased taxation; regulatory constraints, including public health mandates; credit rating deterioration; and geopolitical instability. If these initiatives fail to deliver expected results or we do not fully realize their intended benefits, our financial performance may suffer. Additionally, prioritizing these efforts over other organizational needs or misallocating resources could materially impact our business and operating results.

Read in the 10-K filed Nov 14, 2025 ↗

Any material disruption to our supply chain—such as the loss of a roasting plant, logistics interruptions, trade restrictions, pandemics, labor shortages, natural disasters, or geopolitical conflicts—could materially impact our business and profitability. We rely on a broad network of domestic and international suppliers to provide high-quality products in compliance with applicable laws, and in certain cases, products are sourced by our licensees directly. As we update our fresh and prepared food offerings, sourcing from regions with limited infrastructure or political instability may present additional challenges. For certain products, we depend on a limited number of suppliers, and their failure to meet our standards, deliver on time, or comply with regulations—factors often beyond our control—could materially harm our operations and financial results.

Read in the 10-K filed Nov 14, 2025 ↗

As a retailer reliant on discretionary spending, our financial results are sensitive to macroeconomic conditions. A prolonged downturn or slow recovery may reduce consumer spending, leading to lower demand or shifts to lower-priced products. Factors such as job loss, inflation, interest rate changes, taxation, credit access, public health crises, trade disputes, and geopolitical instability can all impact consumer behavior, including spending and routines, potentially affecting demand for our products. Reduced customer traffic or transaction value without corresponding cost reductions could pressure margins. If economic uncertainty persists, consumers may adopt lasting changes in spending habits, potentially affecting our sales, profitability, and growth plans.

Read in the 10-K filed Nov 14, 2025 ↗

•Labor unrest, geopolitical instability, terrorism, anti-American sentiment, or public health crises—especially in key markets; and

Read in the 10-K filed Nov 14, 2025 ↗

Geopolitical conflicts and evolving international trade and regulatory conditions have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the global economy and financial markets. Governments in various jurisdictions have implemented, and may continue to implement, sanctions, trade restrictions, export controls, or other regulatory measures that can disrupt global supply chains and increase costs. While we do not have operations in regions experiencing geopolitical conflict, these conditions have contributed to, and may continue to contribute to, the volatility in the availability and cost of raw materials, transportation, and energy. Prolonged or escalating geopolitical conflicts could also result in cyber incidents, further supply chain disruptions, reduced consumer confidence and demand, foreign currency exchange rate volatility, and additional barriers to international trade. Any of these factors could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows, and may exacerbate other risks described in this section.

Read in the 10-K filed Jun 9, 2026 ↗

While the U.S. Administration has announced various trade deals, many such agreements are preliminary and may be subject to change. Certain of the announced deals, including the agreement with the European Union, require further governmental approvals, and certain announced deal terms, including purported commitments by the European Union and Japan to purchase more U.S. energy, may be non-binding or subject to voluntary implementation by the private sector. Any disagreement between the U.S. and other countries over the implementation of such trade deals or any failure to obtain required governmental approvals or otherwise reach a final agreement could result in prolonged uncertainty regarding the scope and duration of these trade actions by the U.S. and other countries. Such actions and any resulting economic, financial or geopolitical instability could materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and/or prospects.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 26, 2026 ↗

Armed conflicts and geopolitical tensions may also result in sanctions, export restrictions, tariffs or other trade restrictions, limit or restrict our ability to access certain markets and disrupt key logistics networks, including air and ocean freight travel routes. These developments have increased, and could further increase, costs for energy, rare earth minerals, materials, components and transportation, constrain manufacturing capacity and require us to reconfigure aspects of our global supply chain. Geopolitical instability may also heighten cybersecurity risks, including state-sponsored attacks, which could disrupt our operations or those of our suppliers, customers or partners, and further adversely affect demand for our products.

Read in the 10-K filed Aug 4, 2026 ↗

Attacks upon systems across a variety of industries, including industries related to SUI, are increasing in frequency, persistence, and sophistication, and, in many cases, are being conducted by sophisticated, well-funded and organized groups and individuals, including state actors. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized, improper or illegal access to systems and information (including personal data and digital assets), disable or degrade services, or sabotage systems are constantly evolving, may be difficult to detect quickly, and often are not recognized or detected until after they have been launched against a target. These attacks may occur on our systems or those of our third-party service providers or partners. We may experience breaches of our security measures due to human error, malfeasance, insider threats, system errors or vulnerabilities or other irregularities. In particular, we expect that unauthorized parties will attempt to gain access to our systems and facilities, as well as those of our partners and third-party service providers, through various means, such as hacking, social engineering, phishing and fraud. Threats can come from a variety of sources, including criminal hackers, hacktivists, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage, and insiders. In addition, certain types of attacks could harm us even if our systems are left undisturbed. For example, certain threats are designed to remain dormant or undetectable, sometimes for extended periods of time, or until launched against a target and we may not be able to implement adequate preventative measures. Further, there has been an increase in such activities due to the increase in work-from-home arrangements. The risk of cyberattacks could also be increased by cyberwarfare in connection with the ongoing Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas conflicts, or other future conflicts, including potential proliferation of malware into systems unrelated to such conflicts. Any future breach of our operations or those of others in the Sui industry, including third-party services on which we rely, could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

While we maintain anti-money laundering (AML), know-your-customer (KYC), and other due diligence procedures to screen counterparties, these processes may not be foolproof. If a sanctioned entity or individual evades detection and we complete a transaction with such a party, we could be subject to regulatory and legal penalties, reputational damage, and the forced unwinding of affected transactions. In 2022, several major cryptocurrency companies faced significant reputational damage and incurred substantial costs for remediation efforts after their transactions were linked to sanctioned addresses by regulators like the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). On October 11, 2022, OFAC announced a more than $24.28 million settlement with Bittrex Inc., a cryptocurrency exchange. The settlement resolved 116,421 transactions with persons with an internet protocol (IP) address or physical address in the Crimea region of Ukraine, Cuba, Iran, Sudan and Syria that resulted in violations of multiple U.S. sanctions programs. If we enter into transactions involving our SUI holdings, there is risk over similar oversights, which could lead to significant fines from OFAC and impact our financial results.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

Business disruptions, including interruptions, delays, or failures of our systems or other third-party services as a result of geopolitical tensions, acts of terrorism, natural disasters, pandemics, and similar events, could materially adversely affect our operating results or result in a material weakness in our internal controls that could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

Any disruptions or failures of our systems or other services that we use, including as a result of a natural disaster, fire, cyberattack (including the potential increase in risk for such attacks due to cyberwarfare in connection with the ongoing Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas conflicts), act of terrorism, geopolitical conflict (including due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine, Israel-Hamas and U.S.-Venezuela conflicts and any potential conflict involving China and Taiwan), pandemic, the effects of climate change, or other catastrophic event, as well as power outages, telecommunications infrastructure outages, a decision by one of our third-party service providers to materially change the pricing or terms of their services, or other unanticipated problems with our third-party services that we use, such as a failure to meet service standards, could severely impact our ability to conduct our business operations, or result in a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, any of which could materially adversely affect our future operating results.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 27, 2026 ↗

In January 2026, the President issued an executive order that imposes obligations on U.S. defense contractors, including immediately prohibiting any “major defense contractor” from conducting future stock buybacks or issuing dividends at the expense of accelerated procurement and increased production capacity. The executive order also orders a historical review of defense contractor performance and directs the Secretary of War to develop and implement additional provisions related to prohibition of stock buybacks and corporate distributions, prohibition on the use of certain metrics in determining executive compensation and authorizing the U.S. Government to cap executive base salaries. At this time, it is unclear the extent to which the executive order will apply to us and significant uncertainties exist as to how the executive order will be implemented and interpreted. Depending on its implementation and application to us, the executive order could have a material adverse impact on our ability to make stock repurchases or issue dividends and continue to attract and retain executive talent.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 20, 2026 ↗

•instability in the Middle East and oil-producing regions of Latin America, including Venezuela;

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 20, 2026 ↗

● geopolitical disruption, including sudden changes in immigration policies, leading to disruption in our workforce or delay or even stoppage of our operations in manufacturing, transportation, technical support and research and development;

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 25, 2026 ↗

investment and trading activities, such as (i) trading activities of highly active retail and institutional users and investors; and (ii) actual or expected significant dispositions of TRX tokens by large holders, including the expected liquidation of digital assets associated with entities that have filed for bankruptcy protection and the transfer and sale of TRX tokens associated with significant hacks, seizures, or forfeitures; negative publicity, media or social media coverage, or sentiment due to events in or relating to, or perception of, TRON blockchain, TRX tokens or the broader digital assets industry, for example, (i) public perception that blockchains can be used as a platform to circumvent sanctions, including sanctions imposed on Russia or certain regions related to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, or to fund criminal or terrorist activities, such as the purported use of digital assets by Hamas to fund its terrorist attack against Israel in October 2023; (ii) expected or pending civil, criminal, regulatory enforcement or other high profile actions against major participants in the TRON ecosystem, if any; and (iii) additional filings for bankruptcy protection or bankruptcy proceedings of major digital asset industry participants, such as the bankruptcy proceeding of FTX Trading and its affiliates; changes in consumer preferences and the perceived value or prospects of the TRX token; competition from other digital assets that exhibit better speed, security, scalability, or energy efficiency, that feature other more favored characteristics, that are backed by governments, including the U.S. government, or reserves of fiat currencies, or that represent ownership or security interests in physical assets; a decrease in the price of other digital assets, including stablecoins, or the crash or unavailability of stablecoins that are used as a medium of exchange for TRX token purchase and sale transactions, such as the crash of the stablecoin Terra USD in 2022, to the extent the decrease in the price of such other digital assets or the unavailability of such stablecoins may cause a decrease in the price of TRX tokens or adversely affect investor confidence in digital assets generally; developments relating to the TRON protocol, including (i) changes to the TRON protocol that impact its security, speed, scalability, usability, or value, such as changes to the cryptographic security protocol underpinning the TRON blockchain, changes to the maximum number of TRX tokens outstanding, changes to the mutability of transactions, changes relating to the size of blockchain blocks, and similar changes, (ii) failures to make upgrades to the TRON protocol to adapt to security, technological, legal or other challenges, and (iii) changes to the TRON protocol that introduce software bugs, security risks or other elements that adversely affect TRX tokens; disruptions, failures, unavailability, or interruptions in service of trading venues for TRX tokens, such as, for example, the announcement by the digital asset exchange FTX Trading that it would freeze withdrawals and transfers from its accounts and subsequent filing for bankruptcy protection and the SEC enforcement action brought against Binance Holdings Ltd., which initially sought to freeze all of its assets during the pendency of the enforcement action and has since resulted in Binance discontinuing all fiat deposits and withdrawals in the U.S.;

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 25, 2026 ↗

the recent resolution of a March 2023 civil enforcement action brought by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that had been pending in the Southern District of New York (the “SEC Action”). Among other claims, the SEC Action had alleged that certain contests, giveaways, and secondary market trading involving TRX tokens in 2018 and 2019 constituted unregistered securities offerings under the law. In February 2025, the SEC Action was stayed by the Court at the request of the parties. On March 9, 2026, pursuant to a global agreement to resolve the matter, the Court entered final judgment which, among other things, dismissed with prejudice the unregistered securities offerings claims concerning TRX tokens; transaction congestion and fees associated with processing transactions on the TRON network; macroeconomic changes, such as changes in the level of interest rates and inflation, fiscal and monetary policies of governments, trade restrictions, and fiat currency devaluations; developments in mathematics or technology, including in digital computing, algebraic geometry and quantum computing, that could result in the cryptography used by the TRON blockchain becoming insecure or ineffective; and changes in national and international economic and political conditions, including, without limitation, federal government policies, trade tariffs and trade disputes, the adverse impacts attributable to the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the economic sanctions adopted in response to the conflict, and the broadening of the Israel-Hamas conflict to other countries in the Middle East.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 25, 2026 ↗

There has been increasing focus on the extent to which digital assets can be used to launder the proceeds of illegal activities, fund criminal or terrorist activities, or circumvent sanctions regimes, including those sanctions imposed in response to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. While we have implemented and maintain policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote compliance with applicable anti-money laundering and sanctions laws and regulations and take care to only acquire our TRX tokens through entities subject to anti-money laundering regulation and related compliance rules in the United States, if we are found to have purchased any of our TRX tokens from bad actors that have used TRX tokens to launder money or persons subject to sanctions, we may be subject to regulatory proceedings and any further transactions or dealings in TRX tokens by us may be restricted or prohibited.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 25, 2026 ↗

Attacks upon systems across a variety of industries are increasing in frequency, persistence, and sophistication, and, in many cases, are being conducted by sophisticated, well-funded and organized groups and individuals, including state actors. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized, improper or illegal access to systems and information (including personal data and digital assets), disable or degrade services, or sabotage systems are constantly evolving, may be difficult to detect quickly, and often are not recognized or detected until after they have been launched against a target. These attacks may occur on our systems or those of our third-party service providers or partners. We may experience breaches of our security measures due to human error, malfeasance, insider threats, system errors or vulnerabilities or other irregularities. In particular, unauthorized parties have attempted, and we expect that they will continue to attempt, to gain access to our systems and facilities, as well as those of our partners and third-party service providers, through various means, such as hacking, social engineering, phishing and fraud. In the past, hackers have successfully employed a social engineering attack against one of our service providers and misappropriated our digital assets, although, to date, such events have not been material to our financial condition or operating results. Threats can come from a variety of sources, including criminal hackers, hacktivists, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage, and insiders. In addition, certain types of attacks could harm us even if our systems are left undisturbed. For example, certain threats are designed to remain dormant or undetectable, sometimes for extended periods of time, or until launched against a target and we may not be able to implement adequate preventative measures. Further, there has been an increase in such activities due to the increase in work-from-home arrangements since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The risk of cyberattacks could also be increased by cyberwarfare in connection with the ongoing Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas conflicts, or other future conflicts, including potential proliferation of malware into systems unrelated to such conflicts. Any future breach of our operations or those of others in the digital asset industry, including third-party services on which we rely, could materially and adversely affect our business.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 25, 2026 ↗

In 2025, we expanded internationally through our acquisition of Space NK and the establishment of a joint venture in Mexico and a franchise relationship in the Middle East. Although our international activities are not significant to our financial results, our increasing international presence exposes us to additional risks. We have relatively little operating experience in international markets and may be challenged in replicating our business model in other countries. It is costly to establish, develop, and maintain international operations and promote our brand internationally. For these and other reasons, our international operations may not become profitable on a sustained basis. As international physical, e-commerce, and omnichannel retail and other services grow, competition will intensify, including through adoption of evolving business models. Local companies may have a substantial competitive advantage because of their greater understanding of, and focus on, the local customer, as well as their more established local brand names.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 26, 2026 ↗

In addition, our international operations are subject to a number of unique risks, including those relating to local economic and political conditions; government regulation; restrictive trade policies; restrictions on the sale or distribution of certain products or services; uncertainty regarding liability for products, services, and content, including uncertainty as a result of unfamiliar local laws and legal systems; business licensing or certification requirements; limited fulfillment and technology infrastructure; laws and regulations regarding privacy, data use, data protection, data security, data localization, network security, consumer protection, payments, advertising, and restrictions on pricing or discounts; compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other applicable U.S. and foreign laws prohibiting corrupt payments to government officials and other third parties; laws and policies of the U.S. and other jurisdictions affecting trade, foreign investment, loans, and taxes; and geopolitical events, including war and terrorism.

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 26, 2026 ↗

•Geopolitical tensions, sanctions, trade disputes, and concerns regarding the resilience and continuity of critical payments infrastructure have intensified interest in payment sovereignty in a number of jurisdictions. As a result, certain governments may support the development of domestic or regional payment systems, require additional localization, operational resiliency, processing continuity or other measures intended to reduce dependence on international payment providers like Visa. For example, the ECB has launched the European Payments Initiative's pan-European A2A payment system and a multi-year effort to explore a digital euro, as an alternative to foreign digital currency and payment service providers.

Read in the 10-K filed Nov 5, 2026 ↗

National laws protecting domestic providers or mandating local processing continue to evolve in the face of geopolitical developments, may increase costs; affect our ability to effectively compete with local providers, reduce payments volume and net revenue; limit our ability to leverage global processing capabilities; restrict growth, innovation, and market entry; and create new competitors, all of which could materially harm our business and financial results.

Read in the 10-K filed Nov 5, 2026 ↗

Geopolitical trends towards nationalism, protectionism and restrictive visa requirements, as well as continued activity and uncertainty around economic sanctions, tariffs and trade restrictions, including restrictions on the cross-

Read in the 10-K filed Nov 5, 2026 ↗

experienced a violation of our intellectual property rights in Russia, where a copy product that infringes our patents has been

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 13, 2026 ↗

Additionally, unfavorable geopolitical events could affect our ability to interact with or conduct business with specific

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 13, 2026 ↗

due to geopolitical developments or otherwise may not be feasible or could take a significant amount of time and involve

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 13, 2026 ↗

Certain foreign employees of the Company are represented by works councils, unions or similar non-U.S. employee representative bodies in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Brazil, Spain, China, Israel, Japan, Mexico and other foreign jurisdictions. Strikes, work slowdowns, work stoppages or the possibility of such actions in such jurisdictions could result in delays in production or cause the Company to incur higher costs. The Company may also lack practical control over the negotiations and terms of the agreements governing the employees’ labor.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 23, 2026 ↗

Increasing global protectionism also impedes the Company’s ability to compete with local companies. The Company may not be able to participate in certain public tenders in China, India and Russia because of increasing measures to restrict access to such tenders for companies without local manufacturing capabilities. Such regulations could adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 23, 2026 ↗

•laws, contracting approaches, customs, and business practices favoring local vendors over U.S.-based companies, which may be increased by geopolitical tensions;

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 6, 2026 ↗

In addition, armed conflicts and heightened geopolitical tensions can result in sanctions, export controls, tariffs and other trade restrictions, limit or restrict our ability to access certain markets and disrupt critical logistics networks, including air and ocean freight routes. For example, the escalation of the conflict involving Iran and heightened tensions in the Middle East could cause disruption to critical logistics and supply routes, which could affect the availability and cost of materials used in our business. Additionally, China has imposed export restrictions on rare earth minerals and related materials critical to semiconductor and hard drive manufacturing. These developments have increased, and could further increase, costs for, or limit the availability of, energy, rare earth minerals, materials, components and transportation, constrain manufacturing capacity and may require us to redesign products or reconfigure aspects of our global supply chain. Geopolitical instability may also elevate cybersecurity risks, including state-sponsored attacks, which could disrupt our operations or those of our suppliers, customers or partners, and further adversely affect demand for our products.

Read in the 10-K filed Aug 14, 2026 ↗

technologies. These may include highly convincing phishing or social engineering attacks that use AI-generated deepfakes, the exploitation of vulnerabilities in electronic identity validation security programs via AI-replicated images or voices, or the inadvertent incorporation of malicious or hallucinated content generated by AI tools into our systems or those of our customers or partners. Separately, the AI technologies that we employ for business purposes may be vulnerable to prompt-injection or other adversarial attacks, which could result in unauthorized access to or leakage of sensitive information. Geopolitical tensions or conflicts may also create heightened risk of cybersecurity incidents.

Read in the 10-K filed Aug 14, 2026 ↗

The largest component of the transactions we announced in 2025 is the acquisition of a real estate portfolio of seniors housing communities in the U.K. for £5.2 billion. Other properties we acquire may be located in new markets, either within or outside the U.S., where we may face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge or understanding of the local economy, lack of business relationships in the area, costs associated with opening a new regional office, hiring and retaining key personnel and unfamiliarity with local governmental oversight, regulation and permitting regimes. These risks may be exacerbated by the volume and complexity of such activity, as well as by geopolitical tension or instability, political and social conditions, inflationary pressures, interest rate fluctuations, climate and weather-related risks and supply chain disruptions.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 12, 2026 ↗

A critical component of managing inventory levels is predictability of transit times from our global suppliers to our distribution centers. Factors such as labor disputes, union organizing activity, geopolitical instability, changing tariff and trade regulations, acts of terrorism, war, outbreaks of disease, adverse weather, natural disasters, and climate

Read in the 10-K filed Mar 26, 2026 ↗

We also depend on numerous third-party vendors, technology partners and other service providers to deliver our services and operate our business. Macroeconomic stress, labor shortages, supply-chain constraints, sanctions or geopolitical developments can impair the ability of our vendors and counterparties to perform on a timely basis or at agreed service levels, which could result in service

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗

Geopolitical changes in China-Taiwan relations could disrupt the operations of companies in Taiwan that are critical to the global supply chain for semiconductors (“chips”) and other electronic components, as well as the supply of lithium batteries, carbide seals, and rare earth elements. Such changes could have significant negative effects on the global supply chain for these components and materials and could adversely affect our ability to manufacture certain of our digitally-enabled products, such as pumps, controllers and smart meters.

Read in the 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026 ↗